CLINICO-DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON OVINE BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA
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Date
2023-06
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to record the occurrence, clinical signs,
haematological changes, radiographic findings, molecular detection or isolation and
identification of bacteria from nasal swabs and to evaluate suitable therapeutic regimen
in sheep affected with bacterial pneumonia. A total of 1991 sheep were screened for
bacterial pneumonia of which 76 sheep exhibited the signs of pneumonia among which
52 sheep were positive for bacterial pneumonia making the overall occurrence of
bacterial pneumonia in sheep to 2.61 per cent. Occurrence in relation to age, sex and
month revealed highest percentage in <1 year, females and September, respectively.
Clinical signs exhibited in ovine bacterial pneumonia included dullness to
depression, fever, dyspnea, nasal discharges, inappetence to anorexia, tachypnea,
coughing, congested conjunctival mucous membrane, isolation from flock and
reluctance to lie down. Clinical examination of sheep in bacterial pneumonia revealed
significant rise in temperature, respiratory rate and heart rate. Auscultation of lungs in
ovine bacterial pneumonia revealed crackles, frictional rubs, wheezes and normal
breath sounds.
Confirmation of bacterial pneumonia was done either by molecular detection
or by isolation and identification of bacteria. In the present study molecular detection
done for Mannheima haemolyica, Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma
ovipneumoniae by PCR showed an amplified product at 325 and 1022; 460 and 360
bp, respectively. In the present study isolation and identification of different bacteria
revealed Mannheimia haemolytica, Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Pasteurella
multocida, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. and mixed infection of E. coli +
Staphylococcus spp. and Klebsiella spp. + Pseudomonas spp.
Radiographic examination revealed interstitial, mixed, alveolar and bronchial
patterns, pleural effusions and no radiographic signs of pneumonia.
Haematological examination revealed significant decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC
and lymphocyte count while TLC, neutrophil, monocyte and eosinophil count were
significantly increased.
Therapeutic trial was taken up in 15 sheep affected with bacterial pneumonia
caused by Mannheimia haemolytica and were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group I
consisted of 8 sheep and were treated with ceftiofur sodium while Group II consisted of
7 sheep and were treated with marbofloxacin. Both the groups were treated in common
with flunixin meglumine. Both the antibiotics proved to be efficacious in the treatment
of pneumonia caused by Mannheima haemolytica but marbofloxacin was found to be
more efficacious because the average clinical recovery time was lower.