EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF CONCENTRATE TO SWEET SORGHUM BAGASSE SILAGE ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND PERFORMANCE IN NATIVE SHEEP
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Date
2011-08
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is a by-product of ethanol industry and gaining importance in the country. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of supplementation of concentrate at different levels to SSB silage on the performance, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics in Nellore growing ram lambs. A randomized design was applied with groups of seven growing ram lambs (14.05±0.61) and age (3month), blocked by weight, allocated to one of four treatments; SSB silage ad libitum (R-I), SSB silage + concentrate 170 g (R-II), SSB silage + concentrate 225 g (R-III) and SSB silage + concentrate 280 g (R-IV). The growth trial was conducted for a period of 120 days. At the end of the growth trial a metabolic trial was conducted to assess the nutrient utilization, plane of nutrition and nitrogen balance. Further three representative lambs for each group was slaughtered at the end of the growth trial to study the carcass characteristics and meat quality. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, nitrogen free extract, total ash, neutral detergent fibre, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin content of SSB silage was 34.83, 92.46, 7.48, 1.99, 37.14, 45.30, 7.53, 71.81, 46.75, 25.06, 31.16 and 9.08 per cent, respectively. Growth trial was conducted for 120 days by feeding the respective rations to the ram lambs. The average daily gain (ADG) of ram lambs fed ration R-IV were significantly (P<0.01) higher than R-I and R-II, but the values was comparable with the R-III. Negative FCR was recorded in lambs fed sole SSB silage and FCR was improved with supplementation of concentrate from R-II to R-IV rations. Significant difference in FCR (P<0.05) was observed between lambs fed R-II and R-III, R-IV rations but there was no significant difference between the lambs fed R-III and R-IV rations. The lambs fed sole SSB silage lost their body weight of 2.14 kg during experimental period resulting in negative ADG and negative FCR. Supplementation of concentrate @ 280 g to SSB silage resulted in significantly lower cost/ kg gain than the other rations. During metabolic trial the lambs fed SSB silage supplemented with concentrate consumed dry matter significantly (P<0.01) higher when expressed in g/d (P<0.01) and per kg w 0.75 than the lambs fed sole SSB silage (R-I) but there was no significant difference among the concentrate supplemented groups. Dry matter digestibility was increased (P>0.05) progressively as the level of concentrate supplementation increased up to 280 g. The OM digestibility was significantly (P<0.05) higher in lambs fed R-IV ration than those fed R-I, R-II, R-III rations. Significantly (P<0.05) highest CP digestibility was found in lambs fed R-IV ration and lowest was found in those fed R-I ration. CP digestibility was linearly increased with increased supplementation of concentrate. Significantly (P<0.05) lower NFE digestibility was recorded in lambs fed R-I ration than those fed R-II, R-III and R-IV rations. There was no significant difference in the digestibility of ether extract, crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre, hemicellulose and cellulose among R-I, R-II, R-III and R-IV rations. N retention was negative for sheep offered only SSB silage, but positive with supplementation of concentrate and it was significantly (P<0.01) increased with increased supplementation of concentrate. Among the supplemented ram lambs the nitrogen balance was significantly (P<0.01) higher in R-IV than the R-II but there was no significant difference between R-III and R-IV. The DCP content of the rations exhibited significant (P<0.01) linear increase with increased proportion of concentrate in the ration. Lambs on sole SSB silage had significantly (P< 0.01) lower TDN value than those fed R-II, R-III and R-IV rations and there was no significant difference among R-II, R-III and R-IV rations. The TDN values were insignificantly increased from R-II to R-IV rations. The lambs fed sole SSB silage could not met the DCP and TDN requirements as stipulated by ICAR (1998) for lambs gaining at the rate of 50 g/d and weighing 15 kg body weight. Rations R-II, R-III and R-IV met the DCP and TDN requirements (ICAR, 1998) of lambs gaining 50 g/d and weighing 15-20 kg. Carcass weight and dressing percentage was linearly (P<0.01) increased as the proportion of concentrate increased in the diet. Supplementation of concentrate at different levels did not significantly influence the per cent whole sale cuts, yield of visceral organs and proportion of meat, bone and fat in whole carcass and chemical composition of meat. Fat percentage numerically increased from R-I to R-IV. The SSB silage on sole ration could not meet the nutrient requirements indicating that the supplementation with energy and protein rich feeds was necessary. Concentrate can be included at 280 g to SSB silage to obtain optimum growth rate, feed efficiency and meat quality with better nutrient utilization and plane of nutrition in growing Nellore ram lambs.
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