A STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF JERSEY X SAHIWAL CROSSBRED COWS IN PROGENY TESTING IMPLEMENTED AREAS OF CHITTOOR DISTRICT
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Date
2011-08
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Data on 1411 crossbred cows were collected from Progeny Testing
Programme of the State Animal Husbandry Department in Chittor district of Andhra
Pradesh.
The effects of season of birth and batch were signiticant on age at sexual
maturity and age at first calving. 'The age at sexual maturity had a significant
influence on age at first calving.
The overall least-squares mean age at sexual maturity, gestation period, age at
first catving, FLMY and lactation length were 770.25 * 0.72,276.89 * 0.38, 1133.77
* 6.22 days, 2 154.07 * 16.88 ltrs and 300.16 .t 0.06 days, respectively.
Cows born during rainy and winter seasons matured at significantly earlier age
while the lowest age at first calving was observed in cows born in winter season.
Cows with early sexual maturity had the shortest AFC.
Among the 190 farmers interviewed, 35.26 per cent had dairying as main
occupation. Majority was holding 4.5 to 9 acres of land and was growing perennial
non-legume fodders. The family size ranged from 2 to 12 with an average of 4.58.
Jersey X Sahiwal cows were prevalent in the study area and 39.62 per cent
were in milk while 12.91 percent were dry. It is observed that 25.79 and 56.32 per
cent of farmers were feeding green fodder ad libitum and limited amount,
respectively. Majority of the farmers were feeding dry fodder ud libitum and
restricted concentrate feed. Regular feeding of mineral mixture was practiced by
63.68 perccnt of the farmers. All the farmers were aware of heat detection and A1
and 2.43 inseminations were required for each conception.
Most of the fanners (91.58) provided kutcha housing to anitnnls and average
hygiene levels were observed in most cases. All the dairy farmers allowed suckling
and followed regular twice a day full hand milking twice a day. Weaning way not
followed.
Mastitis, theileriasis, foot and mouth, repeat breeding, anoestrus and retained
placenta were the major health and reproductive problem faced. Most of the farmers
(88.95%) are vaccinating the animals by the vaccines provided by the Guvernment.
None of the farmers followed recommended vaccination and deworming schedule.
Cows maintained by farmers whose primary occupation was dairying
matured and calved significantly earlier (17.80 + 1.09 and 27.68 * 1.08 months).
Significantly longer dry period (82.41 * 2.95) was observed in cows from larger
herds while significantly shorter service period was noted in cows owned by dairy
farmers. Cows suppkemented with mineral mixture recorded higher lactation milk
yield (2392.68 + 109.86 liters). Cows which were housed in pucca houses had longer
lactations (334.84 .t 8.79 d).
Constraints faced by the farmers are low sale price for milk, high cost and non
availability of feed ingredients, lack of grazing land, non availability of v::ccines in
time, non availability of adequate medicines in hospitals.
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