Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of biological activities of Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. growing in Kumaun region of Uttarakhand
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Date
2019-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The present work focused on the phytochemical analysis and evaluation of biological activities of Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. commonly called “Akarkara” growing in Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. The plant Acmella uliginosa, generally growing as weed, was collected from terai region of Uttarakhand and subsequently subjected to hydrodistillation for essential oil. Hexane and methanol extract were prepared with the help of soxhlet. The essential oil and plant extract was chemically analysed by GC/MS. Major compound in essential oil, hexane and methanol was Limonene (12.23%), 2, 4-heptadienal (7.99%) and trans, trans-9,12-octadecadienoic acid propyl ester (16.96%), respectively. In-vitro antioxidant activity of essential oil, hexane and methanol extract were investigated by DPPH free radical scavenging activity, reducing power activity and metal chelating activity of Fe2+. Methanol extract showed maximum free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value 153.82±1.69 μg/ml against DPPH free radicals with respect to ascorbic acid (51.56±0.44 μg/ml) which was used as standard. Essential oil showed better metal chelating activity of Fe2+ and reducing power activity than methanolic and hexane plant extracts having IC50 value of 14.853±0.106 μl and RP50 value of 14.011 ± 0.0446μl. The essential oil showed maximum anti-inflammatory activity with IB50 value of 5.6290±0.0311μl whereas Diclofenac sodium which was used as standard had IB50 value of 23.693± 0.306 μg/ml. Total phenolic content, Total flavanoid content
(TFC), Ortho-dihydric phenol content (ODP) and Total antioxidant activity (TAA) of methanol and hexane extract were also evaluated. TPC, TFC, ODP and TAA content was higher in methanol extract having 122.23± 0.22, 35.01± 0.29, 8±0.86 and 111±0.12mg/ml, respectively. The correlation of TPC of plant extract with DPPH radical scavenging activity was -0.99959, with metal chelating activity was 0.999307 and with reducing power was -0.90292. Significant antibacterial and antifungal activity were not observed in methanol and hexane extract. The essential oil showed exceedingly good antiinflammatory as well as antioxidant activities and plant extracts exhibited moderate activity as compared to standard marketed drugs thus, they might be envisaged as an alternative natural source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.
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