COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF BARIUM SULPHATE VS IOHEXOL AND CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE CONTRAST MEDIA FOR IMAGING DISORDERS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM IN DOGS
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Date
2023-04
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of various
diagnostic modalities in detecting the disorders of digestive system in vomiting dogs.
Among 52 dogs with clinical signs of obstruction, 47 (90.38%) were diagnosed with a
specific disorder. In the present study, mongrel (n=11; 23.4%) and mixed breed dogs
(n=10; 21.3%), male dogs and young animals were found to have affected to the highest
extent. Anorexia, loss of body weight and projectile vomiting were the chief clinical
signs
The haematological findings in specific cases included anemia and neutrophilic
leucocytosis. In chronic cases, the serum biochemical alterations included elevated
levels of serum cortisol, CRP, glucose and cholesterol and decreased levels of total
proteins and serum electrolytes. Assessment of SI max/L5 yielded correct results in
68.75% and false negative results in 31.25% cases. Contrast radiography was useful
either in confirming or supporting the diagnosis and in no case, it remained
inconclusive. Out of 32, 26 were confirmed (81.25%) and six (18.75%) were supported
by the contrast radiography. The images obtained with barium sulphate and MCM were
of adequate diagnostic quality. But between them, barium sulphate can be adjudged
superior to MCM. Adverse reactions were not recorded in any of the animals under
study.
In the present study, ultrasonography was performed in 17 dogs out of which it
confirmed the diagnosis in 9 (52.9%), supported the diagnosis in 5 (29.4%) and
remained in conclusive in 3 (17.7%) animals. Thus, from the above results in can be
concluded that, ultrasonography can be a good diagnostic modality in detecting the
foreign bodies of GIT by acoustic shadowing, intussusception by target sign, pyloric
stenosis, splenic tumours. The use of ultrasonography in detecting hypomotility of
stomach is variable. It is difficult to assess the ulceration of the GIT.
Endoscopy was useful in visualizing the foreign bodies, assessing the
oesophageal and gastric mucous membranes and confirming the ulceration. The
conclusion from this study include:
1. Radiography is the simple and basic tool in assessing the digestive system in
vomiting dogs with equivocal clinical signs.
2. Contrast radiography is superior to ultrasonography in establishing an
objectively verifiable conclusions in cases like megaoesophagus and delayed
gastric emptying,
3. The image quality of bariums sulphate and iohexol + CMC is adequate although,
when compared, barium sulphate contrast radiography remains superior.
4. Results of ultrasonography can be equipment dependent and must be carried out
by spending enough time
5. For diagnosing mucosal disorders of oesophagus and stomach, endoscopy can be
considered best.