Process optimization for extraction of natural colorant from beetroot waste stalks (Beta vulgaris L.) by ultrasonication technique
| dc.contributor.advisor | Omre, P.K. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Singh, Shikhangi | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2019-08-02T08:22:36Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2019-08-02T08:22:36Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2019-07 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Betalains food additives derived from vacuoles of plants. The main source of betalains are beetroot, amaranth, bougainvillea and many cacti. Betalains are a class of red and yellow indole derived pigments found in plants of the Caryophyllales, where they replace anthocyanin pigments. The interest of the food industry in betalains has grown since they were identified by in vitro methods as antioxidants, which may protect against oxidation of low-density lipoproteins. The stalks of beetroot were considered as agro-industrial waste and discarded. But these stalks contain considerable amount of betalain pigment. Therefore, research was undertaken to extract the betalain pigments from these waste stalks and to study the effect of process parameters i.e., pH, solid-solvent ratio and sonication time and subsequently optimize on the basis of betalain yield and its quality attributes. Experiments were conducted using Central- Composite design with three independent variables at five levels. Variables selected for the experiment were pH (3.31, 4, 5, 6, 6.68), solidsolvent ratio (23.19, 30, 40, 50, 56.18 g/ml) and Sonication time (16.59, 20, 25, 30, 33.40 min). Responses selected were quantification of betalain (mg/g), total phenolic content (mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (mg CE/g), antioxidant activity (%) and color analysis. The data from the experiments were analyzed using Design Expert 10.0.1 and the response function were developed using multiple regression analysis and second order model was fitted for each response. The results shows that betalain yield for betacyanin varied from 1.8 to 6.5 mg/g and 1.26 to 4.56 mg/g for betaxanthin. Quality parameters such as total phenolic content ranged from 27.59 to 81.75 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content varied from 130.13 to 509.29 mg CE/g, antioxidant activity ranged from 43.37 to 80.83%. The values of L*, a*, b* and E during color analysis ranged from 13.24 to 39.15, 21.83 to 52.27, 19.58 to 49.62 and 4.42 to 18.07 respectively. Solid-solvent ratio and sonication time, had highly significant effect on the betalain yield, whereas on quality basis TPC, TFC and AA was mostly affected by the solid-solvent ratio and pH. For the color determination, the L*, a* and b* values were significantly affected by the pH. Optimum levels of variables were pH 4.7, solid-solvent ratio 50g/ml and sonication time 30 minutes with response value for betacyanin 6.31 mg/g, betaxanthin 4.43 mg/g, total phenolic content 73.74 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content 464.87 mg CE/g, antioxidant activity 68.14%. During color analysis, the optimum values for L*, a*, b* and E obtained were 27.54, 42.96, 41.79 and 9.7 respectively. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810118612 | |
| dc.keywords | optimization, extraction, natural colours, beet root, waste management, stalks, Beta vulgaris, ultrasonography | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.pages | 99 | en_US |
| dc.publisher | G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand) | en_US |
| dc.research.problem | Beta vulgaris | en_US |
| dc.sub | Processing and Food Engineering | en_US |
| dc.subject | null | en_US |
| dc.theme | Food Products | en_US |
| dc.these.type | M.Tech. | en_US |
| dc.title | Process optimization for extraction of natural colorant from beetroot waste stalks (Beta vulgaris L.) by ultrasonication technique | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |