POTENTIAL OF EPIPHYTES, ENDOPHYTES, BACTERIOPHAGES AND RESISTANCE INDUCERS FOR MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL BLIGHT OF POMEGRANATE [Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Hingorani and Singh) Vauterin et al.

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dc.contributor.advisorSHARMA, SATISH K
dc.contributor.authorKARN, MONIKA
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-23T06:23:21Z
dc.date.available2021-12-23T06:23:21Z
dc.date.issued2021-12
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae) is one of the most serious foliar pathogens of pomegranate in orchards causing extensive yield losses in crop growing area of Himachal Pradesh. In order to unravel the biological threats of X. axonopodis pv. punicae, amongst five IR chemicals tested, maximum disease control in pot conditions was recorded in salicylic acid @ 300 ppm (68.47%), which also provided maximum disease control under field conditions (66.65%), and also effective in improved plant health as compared to other treatments. The induced resistance through SA persisted in seedlings for next consecutive years leading to induction of resistance by increasing the control of disease to 84.29 per cent. out of 103 epiphytes and endophytes isolated from four genotypes/cultivars of pomegranate, 58 were bacterial epiphytes and endophytes (31 and 27 isolates each), and 45 were fungal epiphytes and endophytes (26 and 19 isolates each). Most promising twelve isolates of epiphytes and endophytes (three of each bacteria and fungi) were identified through gene sequencing. Out of twelve bacterial and fungal epiphytes and endophytes (three each) screened under in vitro, and potted plants, maximum zone of inhibition, disease control, plant health parameters, and biochemical changes and microbial count were recorded in bacterial endophyte Bacillus anthracis strain BDEn-1, fungal epiphyte Ascochyta rabiei strain FDEp-1, bacterial epiphyte Bacillus paramycoides strain BKEp-1, and fungal endophyte Albifimbria verrucaria strain FGEn-2 in descending order. Salicylic acid (300ppm), bacterial endophytes and epiphytes (BDEn-1 and BKEp-1), fungal epiphytes and endophytes (FDEp-1 and FGEn-2) evaluated alone and in combinations under pot and field conditions revealed maximum disease control (77.34%) in salicylic acid + B. paramycoides + B. anthracis and salicylic acid + A. rabiei + A. verrucaria (75.68%). Likewise, in field conditions maximum disease control was observed in treatment salicylic acid + B. paramycoides + B. anthracis (61.61%) and salicylic acid + A. rabiei + A. verrucaria (60.04%). Also increment in plant growth parameters, biochemical changes and microbial count were recorded with the application of salicylic acid + B. paramycoides + B. anthracis and salicylic acid + A. rabiei + A. verrucaria. Two bacteriophages i.e. ϕS13 and ϕS14 were evaluated against X. axonopodis pv. punicae under in vivo conditions including pot experiments as foliar spray, alone and in combinations of phages with or without host bacterium. They are morphologically characterized through transmission electron microscopy which showed that ϕS13 belongs to Myoviridae and ϕS14 belongs to Siphoviridae family of same order Caudovirales. Maximum disease control (75.04%) and plant growth parameters were observed in ϕS13 + ϕS14 + Xap. Additionally, SEM micrographs revealed interaction of bacterial and fungal epiphytes with the host plant through surface colonization. Likewise, confocal microscopy has been revealed the colonization of bacterial and fungal endophytes within the host plant. Thus, distribution and colonization of host plant by various bacterial and fungal epiphytes and endophytes as compared to inoculated and un-inoculated control suggested the establishment and persistence of inoculated strains in phyllosphere of pomegranate seedlingsen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810179756
dc.keywordsBacterial blight ,biological threats,pomegranate,foliar pathogensen_US
dc.language.isoEnglishen_US
dc.pages184+xxixen_US
dc.publisherUHF,NAUNIen_US
dc.subPlant Pathologyen_US
dc.themeBacterial blight ,biological threats,pomegranate,foliar pathogensen_US
dc.these.typePh.Den_US
dc.titlePOTENTIAL OF EPIPHYTES, ENDOPHYTES, BACTERIOPHAGES AND RESISTANCE INDUCERS FOR MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL BLIGHT OF POMEGRANATE [Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Hingorani and Singh) Vauterin et al.en_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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