In vitro synthesis of beer by optimizing fermenting parameters and blend ratios of barley and finger millet
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Date
2013-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
There are many crops including cereals and legumes which are locally cultivated in Uttarakhand in large quantity. Underutilized crops are the lesser known species in terms of trade and research, and often adapted to marginal and stress conditions. With ample of nutritional benefits, these crops have the potential to be converted in the form of processed foods.Barley,a primary cereal used in the production of maltis the basic raw material for brewing. Finger millet, one of the major underutilized crops of Uttarakhand, it grows well in tropical countries and contains good amount of reducing sugars. It can become a substitute for barley in beer production. Studies related to value addition of underutilized crops using fermentation technology needs a radical approach as very little work has been done in India. Therefore, the present study has been planned keeping in view all the above factors in mind. An attempt has been made to explore the underutilized crops utilization (finger millet and barley) using fermentation technology. Designed experiments were conducted randomly to find the effect of three variables (blend ratio, kilning temperature and slurry ratio) on pH, colour, bitterness and alcohol content. The levels of variables selected for the final experiments were blend ratio (100:0, 50:50 and 0:100) , kilning temperature (50°C,70°C and 90°C) slurry ratio (1:3,1:5and 1:7).The data from all experiments were analysed statistically using Design Expert 8.0.6.1 and the response functions were developed using multiple regression analysis and second order models were fitted for each response. Using the regression equations of the variables, contours were drawn with SURFER 9.0. Result of fermentation studies reveals that beer could be produced using finger millet and barley in combination under natural fermenting conditions using the yeast isolates(saccharomyces cerevisiae). Out of three independent variables (blend ratio, kilning temperature and slurry ratio) considered during the study blend ratio has the maximum effect on alcohol content while the slurry ratio and kilning temperature affect the colour and bitterness of the end product. Statistical analysis resulted in the optimum conditions of the independent variables as (blend ratio79:21, kilning temperature 50°C and slurry ratio 1:7)for maximum production of beer. The second order model was found to be fit to predict all the responses i.e. pH, colour, bitterness and alcohol content. The model F value was found to be highly significance in case of all the responses.
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