EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER LEVELS ON NATIVE LEAD METAL AVAILABILITY IN SOILS AND ITS ENTRY INTO CROP PRODUCE

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dc.contributor.advisorChandini Patnaik, M.
dc.contributor.authorPooja, B.
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-04T15:05:24Z
dc.date.available2024-05-04T15:05:24Z
dc.date.issued2023-02-09
dc.description.abstractLead is a non essential element and is one of the major chemical pollutants of the environment and is highly toxic to animals and human beings. Since food consumption has been identified as the major path way of exposure to heavy metals like lead, its intake in to plants which in turn is depending on soil type, plant species, quantum of inputs like fertilizersetc. need to be thoroughly understood. As a part of this effort, an investigation entitled “Effect of different fertilizer levels on native lead metal availability in soils and its entryin to crop produce” was carried out and it involved a survey to know base level occurrenceof lead in different soils & crops, its availability in soils as influenced by different fertilizer application and net house experiment to determine the lead entry into crops on red and black soils varying in base line available lead. Soil and crop nutrient survey carried out in remote village areas where vehicular pollution is least expected of Vikarabad, Rangareddy and Yadadri Bhuvanagiri districts of Telangana state indicated that the available DTPA-Pb in paddy growing soils was in the range of 0.60 to 3.67 with a mean of 1.26 mg kg-1 . The total lead of paddy soils varied between 12 and 226 with a mean of 121 mg kg-1 . The collected maize supporting soils recorded the DTPA extractable lead in the range of 0.23 to 1.77 with a mean of 0.82 mg kg-1 . The total Pb under maize cultivation varied between 30 and 346 witha mean of 127 mg kg-1 . Statistical analysis of data was done to classify native available lead status of soils into low, medium and high group / category / classes. Fifteen percent of paddy soils were grouped under low available category (< 0.80 mg kg-1 ). Seventy eight percent of samples were medium with the content ranging between 0.8 and 1.72 mg kg-1 and the high category of lead content (>1.72 mg kg-1 ) was observed in 7 % of paddy soils. The maize supporting soils with < 0.52 mg kg-1 were categorized as low, 0.52 to 1.1 mg kg-1 as medium and > 1.1 mg kg-1 as high categories. Seventeen percent soils were categorized as low, 66 percent medium and the remaining 17 % were categorized as high in available Pb status in maize grown areas. Pooled data indicated that agricultural soils in this surveyed area could be classified for available status of lead into low (< 0. 48 mg/kg) in 4 per cent, 86 % in to medium (0.48 to 1.66 mg kg-1 ) and remaining 10 % samples into high (>1.66 mg/kg) lead available class. The lead content in collected paddy grain samples ranged from 0.54 to 4.65 with amean of 1.87 mg kg-1 and from 1.32 to 8.92 with a mean of 5.14 mg kg-1 in paddy straw samples. Most of the samples (86%) have fallen into medium content class (0.95 to 2.80 mg kg 1) while only 7% grain samples each were in low and high lead content group (< 0.95 lowand > 2.8 mg kg-1 high). The Pb content in paddy straw up to < 2.72 mg kg-1 was grouped aslow, 2.72 to 7.56 mg kg-1 as medium and > 7.56 mg kg-1 as high content. About 30, 52 and 18 per cent of paddy straw samples have fallen into low, medium and high lead content categories, respectively. The lead content in maize grain and stover samples ranged between 0.46 and 1.96 with a mean of 1.09 and 1.45 to 8. 59 with a mean of 4.83 mg kg-1 , respectively. Fourteen percent of analyzed maize grain samples was categorized as low with Pb content up to 0.72 mg kg-1 . Seventy nine percent of samples were medium with the content ranging from 0.72 to 1.47 mg kg-1 . The high category of lead content (> 1.47 mg kg-1 ) was observed in 7 % of maize grain samples. Eleven percent of maize stover samples were grouped as low with the Pb content up to < 3.06 mg kg-1 . Seventy five percent of samples were medium in the category with the content ranging from 3.06 to 6.60 mg kg-1 . The high category of lead content (> 6.60mg kg-1 ) was observed in 14 % of maize stover samples. Under laboratory conditions, application of different levels of RDF (75, 100 and 125% equivalent to RDF of rice and maize crops) to six soils (3 each of red and black soils), the mean decrease in lead extraction was to an extent of 13.37 per cent due to different rates of RDF under upland conditions while it was 13.70 % under waterlogged situation. FYM applied to soils @ 5 t/ha considerably reduced the mean DTPA-Pb extraction by 5.3 and 5.8 percent in soils under low land and upland conditions, respectively. The lead extractability by DTPA (over treatments, FYM and initial lead available status) was higher in black soils by 18 percent over that of red soils under flooded conditions while under upland situations, the extractability was lesser by 17 % in red soils compared to black soils. Lead extractability was reduced by 19 percent under upland conditions and 9 % under low land situations by 30 days after incubation and thereafter, the availability increased to 18 and 12 % in low land and upland conditions. With increase in the lead gradients, the Pb extractability of soils increases irrespective of period of contact, soil type or treatments imposed. Effect of FYM and P was discussed on DTPA-Pb extractability. Under net house conditions, paddy grain yield increased to an extent of 39 per cent, straw yield by 36 % and maize stover by 47.89 % due to 125 percent RDF application over control. FYM also increased the yield of paddy grain (by 8.48 %), straw (by 8.02 %) and maize stover (by 29.47 %). The decrease in mean lead content upon pooling of two soil data in paddy grain in soils varying in available lead content was in the range of 14.38 to 31.51 per cent, 7.33 to 20.41 % in paddy straw and 12.90 to 33.18 % in maize stover when RDF was increased from control to 125 % RDF. FYM application @ 5 t/ha also decreased the mean lead content in paddy grain, straw and maize stover by 10.23,18.4 and 5.96 per cent, respectively. The reduction in lead content in paddy grain and strawwas lesser in black soils (8.52 and 17.92 %) than that of red soils (11.90 and 18.41 %). Thus, a possible extent of mean reduction of lead content in paddy grain was found to be 23.06 per cent and 14.57 % in paddy straw and 23.19 % in maize stover due to different RDF levels over control. Other nutrient contents, their uptake were also studied in the investigation. Application of 125 percent RDF to paddy and fodder maize crops resulted in reduction of lead entry in the produce i.e., 31.51 % in paddy grain, 20.41 % in paddy straw and 33.18 % in fodder maize when compared to RDF in normal agricultural soils.
dc.identifier.urihttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810208704
dc.language.isoEnglish
dc.pages389
dc.publisherPROFFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
dc.relation.ispartofseriesD10983
dc.subSoil Science and Agriculture Chemistry
dc.themeM. Sc.
dc.these.typeM.Sc
dc.titleEFFECT OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER LEVELS ON NATIVE LEAD METAL AVAILABILITY IN SOILS AND ITS ENTRY INTO CROP PRODUCE
dc.typeThesis
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