COMBINED EFFECT OF DIETARY AFLATOXIN AND CITRININ ON SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN BROILERS AND THEIR AMELIORATION USING ADSORBENTS
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Date
2005-12
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Aflatoxin was produced from Asprgillm parasiticus and cihinin was produced from
Penicillium cirri- ,dtd h were quantifd using thin layer chromatography. The toxins,
aflatoxin at the rate of lppm and citrinin at the rate of 25 ppm, were mixed in broiler feed.
Activated charcoal (0.4%) and/or lyophilized yeast culture (0.2%) were added as adso&ents.
Four diets for broilers were prepared - Diet 1- basal diet (control). Diet 2- basal diet
added with aflatoxln (I ppm) and citrinin (25ppm). Diet 3- basal diet added with aflatoxin
(Ippm), citrinin (25 ppm) and activated charcoal (0.4%) and Diet 4- basal diet added with
aflatoxin (Ippm), citrinin (25ppm). activated charcoal (0.4%) and lyophilized yeast culture
(0.2%). These four diets were fed for 6 weeks to four group of broiler chicks with four
replications of eight birds in each gnwrp using completely randomized design.
The body weight gains. feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were
significantly (Pa.01) lower on diet 2 containing aflato.. in and citrinin. These values were
significantly improved on diet 3 containing aflatoxin. citrinin and activated charcoal. Further
significant improvement was nxoded on diet 4 containing aflatoxin. citrinin. activated
charcoal and lyophiliztd yeast culrure but these values were significantly lower than control
gmup-
On diet 2 containing aflatoxin and citrinin. the biochemical profile of liver function
and kidney function of birds showed hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity respectively as
evidenced by increased serum enzyme activities of AST. ALT. alkaline phosphatase and GGT
concentration in the liver and increased levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and
serum uric acid. Other biochemical parameters revealed decreased serum protein, albumin,
glmse, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium and phosphorous but increase in serum bilirubin.
By these studies on liver and kidney function tests, chicks fad on diet 2 indicate the possible
damage of tissues. Further, supporting the biochemical study, degenerative changes and
central vein congestion in liver and marked degenerative changes in kidney, lymphoid
depletion in bursa of Fabricius and depleted germinal centres in spleen were observed on
histopathologv.
On diet 3 containing aflatoxin, citrinin and activated charcoal, the serum enzyme
activities of AST, ALT. AP and GGT in the liver were slightly decreased and serum --..
creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and serum uric acid levels were slightly decreased compared
to toxin group (diet 2). All other biochemical parameters and histopathological findings
showed improvement compared to toxin fed group. This indicates that activated charcoal
(0.4%) had partial amelioration on the toxic effect of aflatoxin and citrinin.
The birds fed on diet 4 recorded the serum enzyme activities of AST, ALT, AP and
GGT in the liver nearer to the control group (basal diet). All the biochemical parameters and
histopathological f i n d i i were also nearer to that of the control group and within the normal
range indicating that activated charcoal and lyophilized yeast had a complementary effect in
ameliorating the toxic effect of atlatoxin and citrinin.
These results indicate that activated charcoal (0.4%) could adsorb and ameliorate the
toxins (aflatoxin and citrinin) to some extent and activated charcoal (0.4%) and lyophilized
yeast cultw <0.2O/') showed complementary effect in amelioration of the toxic effect caused
by aflatoxin and citrinin.
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