Estimation of heterosis, combining ability and molecular diversity in some elite pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] genotypes
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Date
2019-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] is the second most important pulse crop in India after chickpea. It is a multipurpose food legume crop which can be used as vegetables, food, fodder and fuel. It is an important source of protein and vitamin-B for vegetarian population of our country. Pigeonpea yield has remained low due to several reasons like lack of suitable varieties and production techniques for different farming systems, poor plant type, poor crop management and prevalence of different biotic and abiotic stresses. The present investigation was carried out to find out the promising single cross hybrids in pigeon pea based on combining ability and heterosis analysis for seed yield and yield contributing characters at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. and to assess the extent of molecular diversity among some elite pigeonpea genotypes using SSR molecular markers was conducted in Pulse breeding lab, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding. In present study, eight pigeonpea genotypes were crossed in all possible combinations in a half diallel fashion to produce 28 F1s during kharif, 2017. A total of 37 genotypes comprising eight parents, 28 F1’s (excluding reciprocals) and one check variety viz., Pant A 291 were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design with three replications during kharif, 2018. The analysis of Variance revealed significant differences for all the characters studied. The analysis of variance for combining ability indicated that both the additive and non-additive gene action was important for the expression of different traits. The estimates of 2 SCA were found higher than 2 GCA indicating a very good prospect for the exploitation of non-additive genetic variation for all the characters studied. Among the parental lines Pant A 421 was ranked as the best parent as it had good GCA for eight different yield attributing traits including seed yield per plant. Regarding the specific crosses, Pant A 421 x Pant A 477 revealed highly significant per se performance, highly significant SCA effects as well as high standard heterosis over check Pant A 291 for seed yield per plant. The nature and magnitude of heterosis revealed that high heterosis for grain yield was mostly accompanied by major yield contributing traits. For seed yield per plant, the crosses Pant A 421 x Pant A 477 and Pant A 421 x Pusa 2013-2 were found to be better than the standard check Pant A 291. Molecular diversity analysis was carried out to know the extent of divergence among 20 genotypes using 20 SSR markers, out of which 10 markers showed polymorphism. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value ranged from 0.33 to 0.66 among 20 genotypes. Marker ASSR 363 was most informative based on its highest PIC of 0.66. Studying dendrogram it was evident that genotype Pusa 992 and genotype ICPL 288 were most diverse among all the 20 genotypes indicating that the cross combination between genotype Pusa 992 and genotype ICPL 288 could give more heterotic hybrids due to their highly diverse nature.
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