ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING ACTIONS OF CADMIUM AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF PROTECTION BY GREEN TEA EXTRACT
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Date
2014-05
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT :
An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the neuro-endocrine disrupting actions of cadmium and the effect of cadmium on the progeny that were born to cadmium exposed rats and to evaluate the protective role of green tea on neuro-endocrine disrupting actions of cadmium in Sprague dawley rats. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 30 rats in each (male rats =12, female rats=18).Group 1 served as Sham control Group 2 treated with CdCl2, Group 3 treated with Green tea extract treatment and Group 4 Cd + green tea extract treatment. Blood was collected from all the groups at monthly intervals for analyzing sero-biochemistry (blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and albumin, biomarkers of cardiovascular, hepatic and renal pathology, and hormonal profile (thyroid profile, sex hormones). The key enzymes concerned with metabolism were assayed. Immune status was studied at the end of 3rd month by phytohaemagglutinin assay. Rats were subjected to neuro-behavioural studies at the end (Elevated plus maze and Morris water maze). Epididymal sperm count in males and estrous cycle pattern in females were studied. At the end of 3 months, 12 rats (6 males and 6 females) from each group were sacrificed to collect various organs and endocrine glands and subjected them to biochemical, histological and electron microscopic studies. Cadmium concentration was estimated in all the treated groups in kidney, testes, liver and brain at the end of 3 months. In all the groups, twelve (12) females were mated at the end of three months with male rats belonging to respective groups/treatments and the treatment was continued till 17th day of gestation. 50% of the pregnant rats in the respective groups were sacrificed on day 19 to study skeletal and soft tissue developmental anomalies and the rest were allowed to normal delivery. The pups of F1 generation from all the groups were kept till weaning (post-natal day 21) and were subjected to sero biochemical, neurobehavioural studies andthyroid hormone profile were estimated. There were significant alterations in sero-biochemistry biomarkers of cardiovascular, hepatic and renal pathology and hormonal profile thyroid profile, group 2 as compared to group 1.Treatment group revealed significant improvement in all the parameters as compared to group 2, while the combination treatment group 4 was found better The histological studies in group 2 revealed marked changes in all the organs studied, while groups 4 revealed moderate changes and groups 1 and 3 revealed no pathologically significant changes. The electron microscopy of kidney, testis and thyroid revealed marked alterations in architecture in group 2, while groups 4 revealed better architecture. There were no significant alteration in the TEM samples of the offspring and there were no skeletal abnormalities in the offspring as evidenced by skeletal staining.
The results of the study revealed neuro-endocrine disrupting actions of cadmium and protctive role of green tea in cadmium toxicity. Further studies are
warranted to know in detail on the endocrine disrupting actions of cadmium and protective role of green tea at various concentrations.
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