STUDIES ON PREVALENCE, HAEMATO – BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FASCIOLOSIS IN SLAUGHTERED BUFFALOES
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Date
2014
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Publisher
AAU, Anand
Abstract
A total of 760 faecal and 701 liver samples were collected at Anand district out of
which 151 faecal and 164 liver samples were found positive with the seasonal prevalence
of 12.83% (summer), 21.54% (monsoon) and 23.95% (winter) for the faecal samples and
15.34% (summer), 24.34% (monsoon) and 28.62% (winter) for the liver samples. A total
of 792 faecal and 743 liver samples were collected at Ahmedabad district out of which
163 faecal and 157 liver samples were found positive with the seasonal prevalence of
16.93% (summer), 21.83% (monsoon) and 22.61% (winter) for the faecal samples (Table
6, Figure 7) and 17.60% (summer), 22.08% (monsoon) and 23.37% (winter) for the liver
samples.
The overall prevalence rate was found to be 19.87% (151) and 23.39% (164) for
the faecal and liver samples at Anand district and 20.58% (163) and 21.13% (157) for
faecal and liver samples at Ahmedabad district.
Fasciolosis affects the haematological values of the host. The haematological
parameters viz. haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count
(TEC), total leukocytes count (TLC), different leukocyte count (DLC) were studied from
Fasciola infected and non-infected buffaloes. A total number of 50 Fasciola infected and
50 non-infected blood samples were collected and studied for haematological parameters.
Following results were found in the study. The infected buffaloes showed a significant
reduction in the mean Hb. (7.29 ± 0.21 g/dl), TEC (5.15 ± 0.19 106/μl), PCV (24.82 ±
0.88 percent), lymphocyte (47.59 ± 0.75 percent) and increased TLC (12.78 ± 0.37 103/
μl), neutrophil (42.43 ± 0.84 percent) and eosinophil (8.29 ± 0.26 percent). The
monocytes level decreased and basophils levels increased non-significantly in infected
buffaloes and recorded as, 2.78 ± 0.16 and 0.38 ± 0.05 percent, respectively.
A total number of 50 infected and 50 non-infected serum samples were collected
and studied. The biochemical profile included Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, A:G
ratio, Alkaline Phosphatase (AKP), Acid Phosphatase (ACP), Aspartate
Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Total Bilirubin levels of
infected and non-infected buffaloes and the results are presented as follows. Significantly
reduction in the values of total serum protein (7.37 ± 0.09 g/dl), total albumin (1.92 ±
0.06 g/dl) and A:G ratio (0.36 ± 0.02) and increased in AST/ SGOT (305.82 ± 13.40
IU/L), total globulin (5.44 ± 0.09 g/dl), ALT/ SGPT (79.25 ± 2.24 IU/L), ACP (4.30 ±
0.20 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase (189.50 ± 6.31 IU/L) and total bilirubin (1.93 ± 0.13
IU/L) level reported.
The histopathological changes in Fasciolosis in buffaloes were observed during
study period. A total of 30 positive fasciola infected liver was collected from slaughter
houses of Anand and Ahmedabad districts.
The gross lesions in Fasciolosis were, the body cavities of slaughtered buffaloes
were found to contain large amount of straw colored fluid with fibrin flakes. There was
oedema in brisket and dewlap region and petechial haemorrhage in muscles in some of
the buffaloes. Liver was found severely affected, enlarged, covered with rust colored
patches, showing haemorrhagic tracts, perforation and presence of large number of
immature flukes in the parenchyma and at the opening of the bile duct. At places blood
filled cavities were also seen in the parenchyma. Hundreds of immature and mature
flukes were recovered after squeezing and tearing of liver. Gross lesions were confined to
the liver which was enlarged, haemorrhagic, highly congested and had wide-spread
greyish creamy deposits on its surface. Migrating flukes caused extensive destruction of
liver parenchyma marked with haemorrhages.
The microscopic lesions in Fasciola infected liver and bile duct were, The
sections of liver showed haemorrhagic tracts, wide-spread area of necrosis and
haemorrhages. It also revealed focal necrosis with heavy infiltration of inflammatory
cells. Portal triad area revealed proliferation of fibrous tissue. Hepatic cells showed
degenerative changes and mild fatty changes. There were large numbers of multiple
haemorrhagic tracts made up of erythrocytes and degenerating hepatic cells with
polymorphs, eosinophils and mononuclear cells. Bile ducts showed hyperplasia,
desquamation and degeneration of epithelium.
The epithelium of bile duct both close to and distal to the sites of fluke
penetration was highly hyperplastic and thickened with numerous eosinophils and
mononuclear cells infiltration into the lamina propria. F. gigantica had a less prominent
shoulder and having 25-35 mm body length. The ventral sucker is situated at the level of
the shoulder and tegument is armed with sharp spines. Pharynx is situated just after the
oral sucker.
The testes are much branched and filling the median plane of the fluke. Uterus is
situated posterior to the ventral sucker and anterior to the testes and ovary is situated right
of the middle of the fluke. The digestive tract of the fluke covered with two type of
epithelium viz; tegumental and caecal type of epithelium. The major portion of the
digestive tract is lined by caecal type of the epithelium. Mehlis gland was close to ovary.
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Keywords
veterinary science, parasitology, study