Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of biological activities of Artemisia nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp. growing in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand
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Date
2021-10
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The aim of current work is the evaluation of the phytochemical composition of essential oil along with different polarity extracts and the biological activities of plant Artemisia nilagirica collected from Jeolikote Uttarakhand at elevation of 1320 m. Essential oil from whole plant was extracted by hydrodistillation method. The GC-MS analysis of essential oil showed the presence of thirty-five compounds with majority of sesquiterpenes. Bromocyclohexane (18.22%) was the most abundant compound followed by Germacrene D (12.73%), Caryophyllene (8.31%), Eucalyptol (6.19%), and many more. Twenty-six compounds were identified in hexane extract of A. nilagirica comprising of total 73.30% area. The major compounds were tetracontane (15.21%), heneicosane (6.52%), phytyltetradecanoate (5.11%), tetratetracontane (4.96%). Twenty-seven compounds were identified in the methanolic extract contributing to 92.56% of total compounds identified. The major compounds were palmitic acid (13.25%), alpha-linoleic acid (10.32%), oleamide (9.41%), phytol (8.58%), muco-inositol (7.27%), neophytadiene (5.05). Essential oil showed high antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH radical scavenging with an IC50 value of 3.15±0.01 μg/mL compared to standard ascorbic acid with IC50 value of 2.54±0.00 μg/mL, respectively. Hexane and methanolic extract showed comparable metal chelating activity with standard EDTA having IC50 value of 2.23±0.01 μg/mL,2.41±0.02 μg/mL and 2.22±0.01 μg/mL respectively. Methanolic extract showed good anti-inflammatory properties compared to standard diclofenac having IC50 value of 2.97±0.03 μg/mL and 3.79±0.01 μg/mL respectively. The anti-inflammatory effect of methanolic extract may be due to the presence of phytol (8.58%) and neophytadiene (5.05%) which are present in high amount and reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. Total phenolic content (TPC), Total flavonoid content (TFC) and Total antioxidant content (TAC) of the extracts were also evaluated. TPC, TFC and TAC content was higher in methanol extract having 92.07±0.111 mg/g, 11.92±0.010 mg/g and 5.71±0.006 mg/g respectively. From the present thesis work it can be concluded that Artemisia nilagirica plant extracts and essential oil posses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The effective biological compounds of plant extracts like phenols, flavonoids can be potential alternatives to traditional medications.