Effect of feeding urea and exogenous fibrolytic enzyme treated paddy straw on performance of growing cattle
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Date
2024-01-12
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U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura Uttar Pradesh India-281001
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding urea and exogenous
fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) treated paddy straw on feed intake, nutrient digestibility,
growth performance, haematology, blood biochemical, plasma minerals, enzymatic
activity, and animal behaviour in Sahiwal heifers. In first phase, in vitro degradability
of nutrients as an effect of supplementation of urea and EFE at various levels was
tested and optimum results were obtained at 4% and 8 g/kg dry matter (DM) mixed
with total mixed ration (TMR) based paddy straw. The result showed better in vitro
dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), total
gas production, microbial biomass production and partition factor in comparison to
control. In second phase, a total of 24 Sahiwal heifers were selected and allocated into
four groups having six heifers in each group and fed treatment diet for 120 days. The
control group was fed on basal diet without any supplementations whereas, group-1
was supplemented basal diet with 4% urea treated paddy straw, group-2 was
supplemented basal diet with 8 g/kg DM EFE and group-3 was supplemented basal
diet with 4% urea and 8 g/kg DM EFE treated paddy straw. The nutrient requirements
of Sahiwal heifers were met by feeding concentrate mixture, jowar green fodder and
paddy straw (50:30:20 ratio) on DM basis as per NRC (2001) guidelines.
Experimental animals were monitored daily for dry matter intake (DMI) and
fortnightly body weight change. At the end of the study, a digestion trial of 6 days
was conducted to study the effect of urea and EFE treated paddy straw on nutrients
utilization. Blood samples were collected on the days 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days post
supplementation and analyzed for haematological attributes, biomarkers of energy,
lipid and protein metabolism, biomarkers of liver function, endocrine biomarkers of
growth and plasma mineral levels. At the end of trial rumen enzyme activity and
animal behaviour were also noted. Feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed conversion
efficiency (FCE) and body weight gain was found significantly higher (P<0.05) in
treatment group but there was no difference in DMI. There was no significant effect
(P<0.05) of treatment on hematological parameters. Treatment groups showed
significantly higher (P<0.05) plasma total protein, plasma albumin, plasma urea
nitrogen (PUN), whereas, no significant effect (P>0.05) was found on plasma glucose,
triacylglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, plasma globulin, creatinine,
alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate
aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin levels. Triiodothyronine (T3) and Insulin like
growth factor (IGF-1) concentration were found significantly higher (P<0.05) in
treatment group whereas Thyroxine (T4) show non-singnificant difference between
treatment and control group. There was no difference in plasma minerals
concentration and animal behaviour parameters but rumen enzymes activity is
significantly higher in combination group than that of control and other treatment
groups. Finally it may be concluded that urea and EFE @ 4% and 8 g/kg DM,
respectively improved weight gain and digestibility of nutrients without affecting
blood haematology, biochemical parameters, mineral profile and animal behaviour
adversely. Thus, urea and EFE treated paddy straw may be included in ration of
ruminant’s upto 20% of DM.
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