Physiological and anatomical reaction of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) genotypes to anthracnose
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Date
2017
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken with the objective to screen five grapevine varieties against
anthracnose caused by Elsinoe ampelina (de Bary) Shear under field conditions; and to evaluate the
anatomical, physiological and biochemical characteristics in relation to reaction of the grapevine
varieties to the disease. On the basis of Percent disease incidence (PDI) worked out in the leaves, the
variety Punjab MACS Purple was characterized as resistant, Pusa Navrang and Flame Seedless as
moderately resistant and Beauty Seedless and Perlette as susceptible varieties. The stomatal
characteristics viz., stomatal size and stomatal index were significantly high in most susceptible variety
Perlette. The variety Punjab MACS Purple which is resistant to the pathogen had compact spongy
mesophyll and visibly high trichome density. Significant Pearson correlation coefficient has been found
between PDI and stomatal size and stomatal index. The physiological and biochemical constituents
viz., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, total soluble sugars, total soluble
proteins, free amino acids, total phenols, ascorbic acid, proline, α-tocopherol and MDA content was
quantified from the healthy and infected leaves of the five grapevines varieties. The chlorophyll a,
chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were higher in the healthy leaves as compared to the infected ones.
These pigments were high in the resistant variety and low in the susceptible variety. The carotenoids
were higher in the healthy leaves as compared to the infected ones. This was high in the susceptible
variety and low in the resistant variety. The total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins, free amino
acids, total phenols, ascorbic acid, proline and α-tocopherol were significantly higher in the resistant
variety Punjab MACS Purple and minimum in the susceptible variety Perlette whereas the MDA
content was low in the Punjab MACS Purple and maximum in the Perlette. The activity of the
peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase was significantly higher in the infected leaves as compared to their
healthy counterparts in all the grape varieties. Among different varieties, peroxidase and polyphenol
oxidase was maximum in Punjab MACS Purple and minimum in Perlette. Highest Pearson correlation
coefficient of PDI has been observed and chlorophyll b followed by total phenols. The characteristics
viz., stomatal size, stomatal index, pigments and total phenols can therefore be used as markers for
evaluating grapevine genotypes against Elsinoe ampelina.
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