EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVE FEED ADDITIVE FOR k. THEIR EFFECT ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND GUT HEALTH IN BROILERS
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Date
2021
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Abstract
A study was executed to identify a suitable bioactive feed additive from
locally available herbs and to study its effect on broiler performance and gut
health, and ascertain its use as a replacement to antibiotic growth promoter. A
survey was carried out in poultry farms (broilers and layers) of Tamil Nadu, and it
revealed that all the farms were using antibiotics in either feed or in drinking
water. Sixteen commonly prevalent herbs of Tamil Nadu viz.. Allium sativum bulb
(Garlic), Andrographis paniculata leaf with stem (Nilavembu), Azadirachta
indica leaf (Neem), Cinnamomum verum bark (Cinnamon), Coriandrum sativum
seed (Coriander), Curcuma longa rhizome (Turmeric), Emblica officinalis fruit
(Amla), Mentha spicata leaf (Mentha), Moringa oleifera leaf (Moringa), Murraya
koenigii leaf (Curry), Ocimum sanctum leaf (Tulsi), Phyllanthus niruri frill plant
with root (Keelanelli), Piper nigrum seed (Black pepper), Syzygium aromaticum
flower bud (Clove), Trigonella foenum seed (Fenugreek), Zingiber officinale
rhizome (Dry ginger) were collected and evaluated for their chemical
composition, in vitro total antioxidant capacity and in vitro antibacterial potency.
Total Antioxidant Capacity (pgm ascorbic acid equivalent /g) was significantly (P <
0.05) highest (2910.38) in S.aromaticum buds. Significantly (P < 0.05) highest
(21.00, 20.33 and 17.50) antimicrobial potency (mm zone of inhibition) was in S.
aroHiaticum buds against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella
Enteritidis. M. koenigii leaves had the significantly (P < 0.05) highest (19.00)
antimicrobial potency (mm zone of inhibition) against C. perfringens. S. aromaticiim
buds, C. longa rhizomes, M. spicata leaves, £. officinalis fruits, P. niruri leaves and
M. koenigii leaves were the herbs selected to arrive at 21 phytobiotic mixtures. The
phytobiotic mixtures were studied for their antioxidant and antimicrobial potency.
Significantly (P < 0.05) highest (3030.18) total antioxidant capacity (pgm ascorbic
acid equivalent/g) was in S.aromaticiim buds + M spicata leaves + E. officinalis
fruits (1:1:1). Significantly (P < 0.05) highest (22.33) antimicrobial activity (mm zone
of inhibition) against S.aureus and C. perfringens was in E.officinalis fruit + M.
koenigii leaves + S. aromaticiim bud (1:1:1). Significantly (P < 0.05) highest (21.33
and 21.83) antimicrobial activity, against E. coli and 5. Enteritidis was in M. spicata
leaves + M. koenigii leaves + 5. aromaticiim buds (1:1:1). Based on ranking S.
aromaticiim buds + M spicata leaves + E. ojficinalis fruits (1:1:1) was designated as
phytobiotic mixture I and E. officinalis fruits + M. koenigii leaves + S. aromaticum
buds (1:1:1) was designated as phytobiotic mixture II. To test the potency of
phytobiotic mixture (I and II) for their safe incorporation in broiler feed one
hundred and fifty vencobb broiler chicks were distributed randomly to the five
treatments viz., Control, Phytobiotic mixture (I) level I, Phytobiotic mixture (I) level
II, Phytobiotic mixture (II) Level I and Phytobiotic mixture (II) Level IL Each
treatment had three replicates. E. officinalis fruits + M koenigii leaves + 5.
aromaticum buds (1:1:1) combination (phytobiotic mixture II) at level II (2 kg / tonne
of feed) revealed significantly (P < 0.05) highest (2502.35) weight gain (g), highest
(34.74) net profit per bird, significantly (P < 0,05) lowest (116.25 and 110.82) TBA
value respectively for both thigh and breast muscle, significantly (P < 0.05) highest
(25.50 x 10** cfu/g) Lactobacillus count and significantly (P < 0.05) lowest (257.00
cfti/g and 836.83 cfu/g) E.coli and C. perferingens count respectively in gut contents,
and significantly (P < 0.05) highest (1176.96 and 266.42) villus height and crypt
depth respectively and hence was selected for antibiotic replacement. An experiment
was carried out to determine the efficacy of the selected phytobiotic mixture (E.
officinalis fruits + M. koenigii leaves + 5. aromaticum buds (1:1:1) at 2 kg / tonne of
feed) as a replacement at graded levels (0, 25, 50 and 75 %) to antibiotic feed
additive (Bacitracin methylene disalicylate at the rate of 500 gms ! tonne of feed)
in promoting production performance and gut health of broilers. One hundred and
fifty vencobb broiler straight run chicks were distributed randomly to the five
treatments viz.. Control / Antibiotic feed additive (100 %), Antibiotic feed additive
(75 %) + phytobiotic mixture (25 %), Antibiotic feed additive (50 %) + phytobiotic
mixture (50 %), Antibiotic feed additive (25 %) + phytobiotic mixture (75 %) and
phytobiotic mixture (100 %). It was inferred that £. officinalis finiits + M. koenigii
leaves + S. aromaticum buds (1:1:1) could successfully replace antibiotic
Bacitracin methylene disalicylate successfully even at 100 per cent level, as this
was the highest level that evinced weight gain and feed efficiency comparable to
control. Lactobacillus in caecal content was only detected in this group of birds
even after withdrawal of supplement. Pathogenic microorganism (E.coli and
C. perfringens) count was significantly (P < 0.05) lowest in this group of birds
even after withdrawal of supplement.