Optimization of printing process on cotton fabric using natural gums and industrialby-product (Black Cutch) as dye
| dc.contributor.advisor | Gahlot, Manisha | |
| dc.contributor.author | Singh, Anupriya | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2018-06-28T05:47:43Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2018-06-28T05:47:43Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2017-07 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The need of clothing in present context is not limited to modesty but it progressed to become an element of expression to display social class, individuality and creativity. This has invoked increased demands of textile articles in bright colours and prints. The penetration and demand of synthetic dyes used on various textile articles in the market is well known and they cannot be replaced with natural dyes in the near future. But the awareness of harmful effects of various synthetic dyes along with other chemicals introduced in dyeing and printing of textiles has motivated some scientists and dye manufacturers to look back on natural resources and production of materials in a sustainable manner. Thus, researchers were motivated to utilize latest technologies and organic materials that were comparatively less harmful and sustainable. One such effort was done in the present study to print cotton fabric using industrial byproduct as dye and natural gums with environmentally safe additives. Different printing pastes were prepared with guar gum and sodium alginate gum using sodium carbonate (SC) and bicarbonate (SB) as additives in 30% and 40% concentration of dye. Optimization of guar gum printing paste recipe was done by using Box and Behnken Design (BBD) model wherein three levels of three parameters dye:water ratio (A), additive (B) and mordant concentration (C) were taken as independent factors. The optimization of sodium alginate printing paste recipe was done by taking dye:water ratio and additive concentration as independent factors without using BBD. It was observed that increasing the dye:water ratio as well as dye concentration in the printing paste significantly improved the colour strength of printed samples. Increasing the concentration of additive (1 - 1.3% SC and 4.5 - 5.5% SB in guar gum and 1.5 - 2% SC and 4 - 5% SB in sodium alginate gum) improved the colour strength of samples. The numerical analysis of BBD showed that changing the levels of A, B and C significantly changed the values of colour strength (K/S), fastness rating for wet rubbing and breaking strength in warp and weft direction of samples printed with guar gum printing paste using sodium carbonate. In case of guar gum printing paste using sodium bicarbonate, colour strength (K/S) value, fastness rating for light, wet rubbing, alkaline perspiration and breaking strength in warp and weft direction were found to be significantly affected by changing the levels of A, B and C. All the printed samples exhibited excellent fastness to washing. The optimized printing paste prepared from sodium alginate gum using sodium carbonate and bicarbonate exhibited high colour strength, good fastness to light and wet rubbing, very good fastness to dry rubbing, alkaline and acidic perspiration. In case of guar gum printing pastes as well as sodium alginate printing paste good colour strength, fastness and fabric strength was observed when samples were printed using sodium bicarbonate. Four printing pastes were obtained, two each from guar gum and sodium alginate gum after optimization on the basis of colour strength, colour fastness and fabric strength. Samples were visually evaluated on uniformity,depth, clarity and neatness in which highest score was obtained by samples printed using sodium bicarbonate with guar gum and sodium alginate gum. Except for BOD and temperature in some samples, all the tested parameters of untreated wastewater samples collected from the printing process were within the permissible limits of textile effluents given by Indian government. The quantification of printing paste in terms of total amount of water, dye and additive required to print a fabric using natural gum and a sustainable dye source was successfully performed in the study. Good colour fastness results indicated fixation of dye on the fabric without using metallic mordants. The printing paste was found to be environmentally safe if treated biologically for reduction of BOD. Thus, the optimized printing paste can be recommended for use in small scale industries. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810055402 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.pages | 313 | en_US |
| dc.publisher | G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand) | en_US |
| dc.research.problem | Dyes | en_US |
| dc.sub | Clothing and Textiles | en_US |
| dc.subject | null | en_US |
| dc.theme | Textile Printing | en_US |
| dc.these.type | Ph.D | en_US |
| dc.title | Optimization of printing process on cotton fabric using natural gums and industrialby-product (Black Cutch) as dye | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |