Genetic assessment for seed yield and related traits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] under intercropping with maize
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Date
2021-10-14
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Palampur
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Genetic assessment for seed yield and related traits in
soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] under intercropping with maize” was carried out to study genetic
variability, association between seed yield and its related traits to understand their cause and effect
relationship in order to identify potential soybean genotypes for sole-crop as well as inter-crop with maize in
order to decide the breeding strategy for soybean improvement. The experimental material consisted of
twelve soybean advanced breeding lines and four checks viz., Palam Early Soya I, Him Soya, Hara Soya and
Shivalik. The genotypes were raised in randomized block design with three replications under two cropping
systems viz., sole-crop and inter-crop with maize variety ‘Bajaura Makka’ in two separate experiments under
rainfed conditions at the Experimental Farm of Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CSK HPKV,
Palampur during kharif, 2020. Data was recorded for fifteen seed yield and other agromorphological traits at
appropriate stages of crop growth in soybean.
Analysis of variance suggested the presence of sufficient genetic variability for seed yield and
related traits under sole-crop as well as inter-crop with maize. The values of PCV were greater than the
corresponding GCV values indicating the marked influence of environment in the expression of traits under
both cropping systems. High PCV along with high GCV values were obtained for biological yield per plant
(g) and nodule weight per plant (g) under soybean sole-crop whereas moderate values of PCV and GCV
were obtained for nodes on main stem, pods per plant, seed yield per plant (g), nodule weight per plant (g),
branches per plant and seeds per pod under inter-crop with maize. High heritability along with high genetic
advance was observed for branches per plant, nodes on main stem, pods per plant, nodule weight per plant
(g) and seed yield per plant (g) under both cropping systems. Hence, selection for these traits could be
effective. Correlation analysis showed that seed yield per plant (g) showed significant and positive
association with branches per plant, nodes on main stem, pods per plant, seeds per pod, biological yield per
plant (g) and harvest index (per cent) under both cropping systems. Hence, emphasis should be given on
these traits for yield improvement in soybean. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the biological yield per
plant (g) and harvest index (per cent) were found to be the best selection indices for soybean genetic
improvement under both cropping systems. None of the genotypes appeared to be highly resistant against
frogeye leaf spot, brown spot and pod blight. The genotype JS-335 was found to be highly resistant against
bacterial pustule while two genotypes namely P 74-1-1 and P 132-1-1-2 were found to be resistant against
bacterial pustule under both cropping systems. Economics of the cropping systems indicated that inter-crop
generated an additional soybean yield of 3.22 q/ha without reduction in maize yield and therefore, appeared
to be more profitable than sole soybean crop. Three genotypes viz., JS-335, P 132-1-1-2 and P 120-11-1-1
performed better for seed yield. The genotypes also exhibited moderately resistant reaction against frogeye
leaf spot, brown spot, pod blight and bacterial pustule and resistant to highly resistant reaction against
bacterial pustule under both cropping systems. Hence, these genotypes could be tested further in different
locations for development of varieties or used as potential parents in future hybridization programme.