Total phenolic and flavonoid content in different parts of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight and Arn. and its variation with storage of bark

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dc.contributor.advisorNayak, Saswat
dc.contributor.authorSahoo, Amulya Ratna
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-11T10:55:05Z
dc.date.available2024-11-11T10:55:05Z
dc.date.issued2022-04-25
dc.description.abstractThe present investigation entitled “Total phenolic and flavonoid content in different parts of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight and Arn. and its variation with storage of bark” was carried out in the laboratory of College of Forestry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during the period 2021-2022. The main objective of the study was: (i) Assessment of total Flavonoid and total Phenolic content in various plant parts of different sizes. (ii) To study the change in total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in bark with storage. In the first experiment, Leaves, fruit and bark of Terminalia arjuna were collected from the trees raised under the urban plantation of Bhubaneswar during the last week of January 2021. Plant samples of different plant parts like different sizes of Leaves (large, medium and small), matured uniform fruit of different Colour (Green, Reddish tint and Dried brown) and bark of different thickness (Thick, Medium thickness and Thin) were collected and different morphometric observations were recorded. The oven dried materials were then finely powdered and 3 gm of each sample were extracted with methanol which was further analysed for Total Phenol content (%) on basis of Gallic acid equivalent by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method and for Total Flavonoid content (%) on basis of spectrometric method using quercetin as standard. In case of leaves, the average total phenol content (GAE in mg/g of methanolic extract) of Terminalia arjuna was found to be for small leaves (554.10 mg GAE/g of extract), medium leaves (300.68 mg GAE/g of extract) and large leaves (290.28 mg GAE/g of extract) whereas the mean total phenol content of all three sizes recorded to be 381.69 mg GAE/g of extract. The average percentage of total phenol content (GAE) in oven dried leaves was found to be for small leaves (8.22 %), medium leaves (4.26 %) and large leaves (3.64 %) whereas the mean percentage of total phenol content of all three sizes recorded to be 5.28 %. The average total flavonoid content (QE in mg/g of methanolic extract) of Terminalia arjuna was found to be for small leaves (312.99 mg QE/g of extract), medium leaves (113.71 mg QE/g of extract) and large leaves (172.10 mg QE/g of extract) whereas the mean total flavonoid content of all three sizes recorded to be 199.60 mg QE/g of extract. The average percentage of total Flavonoid content (QE) in oven dried leaves was found to be for small leaves (4.64 %), medium leaves (1.51 %) and large leaves (2.16 %) whereas the mean percentage of total Flavonoid content of all three sizes recorded to be 2.77 %. In case of fruit, the average total phenol content (GAE in mg/g of methanolic extract) of Terminalia arjuna was found to be for green fruit (471.91 mg GAE/g of extract), reddish tint (482.45 mg GAE/g of extract) and dried brown (461.51 mg GAE/g of extract) whereas the mean total phenol content of all three sizes recorded to be 471.95 mg GAE/g of extract. The average percentage of total phenol content (GAE) in oven dried fruits was found to be for green fruit (4.98 %) reddish tint (3.96 %) and dried brown (3.13 %) whereas the mean percentage of total phenol content of all three sizes recorded to be 4.02 %. The average total flavonoid content (QE in mg/g of methanolic extract) of Terminalia arjuna was found to be for green fruit (293.26 mg QE/g of extract), reddish tint (377.76 mg QE/g of extract) and dried brown (321.56 mg QE/g of extract) whereas the mean total flavonoid content of all three sizes recorded to be 330.86 mg QE/g of extract. The average percentage of total Flavonoid content (QE) in oven dried fruits was found to be for green fruit (3.09 %), reddish tint (3.09 %) and dried brown (2.18 %) whereas the mean percentage of total Flavonoid content of all three sizes recorded to be 2.79 %. In case of bark, the average total phenol content (GAE in mg/g of methanolic extract) of Terminalia arjuna was found to be for thin bark (671.62 mg GAE/g of extract), medium thick bark (636.44 mg GAE/g of extract) and thick bark (574.33 mg GAE/g of extract) whereas the mean total phenol content of all three sizes recorded to be 627.46 mg GAE/g of extract. The average percentage of total phenol content (GAE) in oven dried bark was found to be for thin bark (8.97 %), medium thick bark (8.28 %) and thick bark (12.61 %) whereas the mean percentage of total phenol content of all three sizes recorded to be 9.95 %. The average total flavonoid content (QE in mg/g of methanolic extract) of Terminalia arjuna was found to be for thin bark (497.13 mg QE/g of extract), medium thick bark (823.55 mg QE/g of extract) and thick bark (855.44 mg QE/g of extract) whereas the mean total flavonoid content of all three sizes recorded to be 725.37 mg QE/g of extract. The average percentage of total Flavonoid content (QE) in oven dried bark was found to be for thin bark (6.64 %), medium thick bark (10.72 %) and thick bark (18.77 %) whereas the mean percentage of total Flavonoid content of all three sizes recorded to be 12.04 %. In the second experiment, the barks collected from the tree during the 3rd week of September 2021 were cleaned, and then dried (7 days) under partial shade. The partially dried barks were then dried in the oven at 55°C (48 hrs). The oven dried bark was then finely powdered and 3 gm are stored for each treatment combination, then the methanol extract of the bark was further analysed for Total Phenol content (%) on basis of Gallic acid equivalent by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method as described in material method. The total Phenol content and total Flavonoid content both were found to have increased at 90 days of storage from their respective content at the initial storage irrespective of storage condition. After 90 days of storage, maximum total Phenol content (9.795 %) as well as total Flavonoid content (8.230 %) found in the dried bark powder stored in open polythene bag kept in dark which was 65.09 % and 25.84% higher than the Total Phenol content and total flavonoid content respectively from the initial storage. Irrespective of storage conditions and durations, it was found that increase in total phenol content (15.18%) and total flavonoid content (18.81%) in stored powdered fruit pericarp after 90 days of storage was minimum when exposed to light whereas increase in phenol content was found maximum (43.34 %) and total flavonoid content (24.01%) in dark condition.
dc.identifier.urihttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810216237
dc.keywordsTerminalia Arjuna
dc.keywordsWight and Arn
dc.keywordsGallic acid
dc.keywordsFolin-Ciocalteu reagent method
dc.keywordsFlavonoid content
dc.language.isoEnglish
dc.pagesxiii, 60p.
dc.publisherDepartment of Forest Products and Utilisation, OUAT, Bhubaneswar
dc.relation.ispartofseriesTHM-6759
dc.research.problemTotal phenolic and flavonoid content in different parts of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight and Arn. and its variation with storage of bark
dc.subForest Product and Utilisation
dc.themeDifferent parts of Terminalia arjuna Wight and Arn.
dc.these.typeM.Sc
dc.titleTotal phenolic and flavonoid content in different parts of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight and Arn. and its variation with storage of bark
dc.typeThesis
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