A Clinical study of Pyometra In Bitches
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Date
2002-09
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
The present clinical study was conducted on 25 dogs presented for treatment of
canine pyometra. Out of these, 20 dogs (80%) had open pyometra and 5 dogs (20%) had
closed pyometra. The mean age of incidence was found to be 8.2 years. Out of 25 dogs
presented for treatment, I5 (60%) dogs were nulliparous, 5 dogs (20%) were primiparous
and the remaining 5 dogs (20%) were multiparous. The Spitz breed (14 i.e. 56%)
followed by German Shepherd and Mongrels were found to be affected in that order.
Escherichia coli was isolated from the vaginal discharge of 23 dogs while in other
two, mixed cultures of Sfaphyloccous sp. and E.coli were isolated. Radiography was
found to be an effective diagnostic aid in confirmation of closed pyometra.
llltrosonography was found to be a useful diagnostic procedure for confirmation of both
open and closed pyornetra.
Haematological evaluation revealed leukocytes with neutrophilia preoperatively
which returned to normal levels by the 7Ih post-operative day in all the dogs that survived
surgical treatment.
The prognosis in the bitches that had elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum
creatinine levels prior to surgery was found to be poor. The increased preoperative
Aspertate amino transferase, Alanine amino transferase, blood urea nitrogen and serum
creatinine levels returned to normal or near normal levels by 7" post-operative day
pointing to the curative effect of ovarioliysterectomy.
All the cases of open pyometra recovered uneventfully after surgery with minimal
post-operative complications. Three bitches died following surgical treatment of closed
pyometra.
Gross pathological observations included the involvement of both the uterine
horns with mild to moderate accumulation of pus in open pyometra. Greatly distended
uterine horns with heavy accumulation of pus was noticed in all cases of closed
pyometra. The ovaries in all the cases showed the presence of multiple corpora lutea and
graffian follicles.
Histopathological examination revealed variable degrees of cystic endometrial
hyperplasia and infiltration of inflammatory cells depending upon the severity of the
disease. Histopathological examination of the ovaries revealed the presence of
developing follicles and multiple regressing corpora lutea.
No major complications were recorded in the present clinical study following
ovariohysterectomy. It was concluded that ovariohysterectomy is the most appropriate
choice and potentially curative as the surgical extirpation has been expedient and offered
immediate benefit by resolving most of the complications associated with pyometra
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