Studies on integrated management and developing forecasting model for mango hoppers
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Date
2020-02
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Mango hoppers, Amritodus atkinsoni (Leth.) was present throughout the year on mango at Pantnagar during the study period 2017-18 with the peak activity of 8th SW (panicle initiation stage) and 14th SW (fruiting stage). Hoppers population increased with high temperature and low relative humidity. Among all the traps installed for monitoring of mango hopper yellow colored traps attracted higher hoppers population (21.50 and 22.00 hoppers/ trap/week) in the study period. Correlation of mango hoppers on yellow traps with sunshine revealed non-significantly positive (r = 0.48) followed by blue traps (r = 0.33 and 0.34) and green traps (r =0.39 and 0.43). Sticky traps installed in four cardinal direction cleared highest hoppers population attracted on traps in east direction followed by west, south and least in north directions. Hoppers population correlated with various weathers parameters showed significant positive with temperature while significant negative with relative humidity, sunshine, wind velocity and evaporation also significantly positive correlated with hoppers population, whereas least influence by rainfall. Population dynamics of natural enemies showed abundance of predators such as coccinellids, preying mantis, green lace wing, mantispid fly while parasitoids as braconids and ichneumonid were present in mango trees throughout the year. Various plant oils and insecticides were tested against mango hoppers. It has been found that among plant oils, neem oil and citronella oil (@ 3ml/l) were effective to reduce hoppers population. While spray with insecticides as imidacloprid (0.3 ml/l) with thiamethoxam (0.32 g/l; at second spray) gave best result with lowest hoppers population and highest per cent reduction over control. Similarly highest yield per tree was also obtained in tress treated with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam (70.13, 75.00 and 65 Kg/tree, respectively) in study period. Cost benefit ratio was obtained highest (1: 3.37, 1: 3.51 and 1:4.12) in the treatment T10. Among the entomopathogenic fungi V. leccanii showed better effect than M. anisopliae and B. bassiana. The combination of V. leccanii and buprofezin proved superior to all the treatments followed by buprofezin and neembicidine. Weather based forecasting model developed by regressing peak hopper population with different weather parameters highest regression value (0.91) with least standard error (0.83) and RMSE value with 0.96 validate the model to forecast the pest population for future management strategy.