GENETIC VARIABILITY AND GENETICS OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITY CHARACTERS IN GREEN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.) GENOTYPES
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Date
1997
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, DHARWAD
Abstract
Studies on variability, path coefficient analysis, correlation, heterosis, combining ability and fruit bearing pattern were studied at Agricultural Research Station, Hanumanamatti, of University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during Kharif 1993-94 and 1995. Eighty eight genotypes were tested for range of variability and the results revealed significant differences for all the 17 characters studied. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were low for plant spread, pedicel length, days to 50 per cent flowering and stern diameter. Yield per plant recorded low GCV ( 15.32 % ). Remaining characters showed moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. Heritability estimates were high for days to 50 flowering (88.9 %), fruit length (88.76 %), seed weight (87.25 %), fruit weight (86.76 %), pericarp weight (86.63 %), plant height ( 83.28 %) and number of seeds per fruit ( 83.07 %) indicating moderate to high response to selection for these attributes. Fruit yield per plant showed positive and significant genotypic association with stern height, stern diameter, secondary branches per plant and plant spread. Genotypic path analysis for green fruit yield per plant revealed that number of seeds per fruit was the major component contributing for the yield. It showed high direct effect (0.8864) and also indirect effect through pericarp weight and plant height. The studies on combining ability and heterosis revealed prepondarance of non additive gene action for most of the characters as indicated by higher magnitude of SCA variance han GCA variance. Crosses showing useful significant heterosis over better parent for yield per plant were Sindhur x SIC-10-166b, Sindhur x G-3, Sindhur x Bydagi and 90/MC-11 X SIC-10-166b. The overall assessment of gca effects of the parents revealed that none of the parents were the best general combiner for all the characters. However, the female line Sindhur was good general combiner for plant height, fruit length, fruit weight and pericarp weight. Among the 12 male lines SIC-1 0-159 was good general combiner for plant height, number of primary and secondary branches per plant and other fruit characters. The parent SIC-I 0-166b had positive values of gca effects for yield in addition to fruit weight and pericarp weight. These parents would be of great practical utility in any breeding programme in evolving high yielding varieties with desirable characters for green chillies. The study on fruit bearing pattern in chilli revealed that early borne flowers in first flush had better setting opportunity than the flowers borne latter .
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