Impact of biochar and organic manures on soil properties and wheat yield
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Date
2023-09
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CCSHAU, Hisar
Abstract
A field experiment entitled “Impact of biochar and organic manures on soil properties and wheat
yield” was carried at research farm, Department of Soil Science, CCSHAU, Hisar Haryana. The location of
experimental site was 29o16’N latitude and 75o7’E longitude in the North-West part of India. The objective
of this study to evaluate the impact of biochar and organic manures in enhancing the yield of wheat and soil
properties. The experiment was designed with seven treatments comprising of control + RDF, 10 t/ha FYM
+ RDF, 5 t/ha vermicompost + RDF, 2.5 t/ha biochar + RDF, 5 t/ha biochar + RDF, 10 t/ha biochar + RDF
and absolute control with three replications in a randomized block design by keeping net plot size 2.0 m x
2.0 m and row spacing of 20 cm. The observations were noted for fifteen parameters pertaining to the
physical, chemical and microbiological properties of soil including yield attributes of wheat crop. The
result showed that physical properties like moisture at -33 kPa and -1500 kPa (0-15cm) (4.5 cm h-1) and
soil moisture at different intervals of times (14.45 and 8.54 %) was found maximum in treatment 10 t/ha
biochar + RDF, while bulk density (1.38 mg m-3) was noted minimum in same treatment. In case of
chemical properties of soil treatment 10 t/ha biochar + RDF reported maximum electrical conductivity
(0.44 dSm-1), available NPK (126.50, 20.6, 380.4 kg ha-1), available micronutrients {Zn (1.91 mg kg-1), Cu
(1.55 mg kg-1), Fe (10.75 mg kg-1) and Mn (3.80 mg kg-1)}, However maximum organic carbon recorded in
treatment consisting 10 t/ha FYM + RDF and microbiological properties like microbial count (CFU/g soil)
of bacteria 32.18 x 106 and actinomycetes (27.82 x 105), soil microbial activity of Dehydrogenase 119 ug
TPF g-1 24 h-1, Urease (69.48 ug N g-1 soil h-1) and Alkaline phosphatase (208.95 ug PNP released g-1 soil h-
1) and microbial biomass carbon (808.77 mg kg-1) was found maximum in treatment 10 t/ha biochar + RDF,
while minimum values were recorded in absolute control. The data recorded on yield attributes such as
grain yield (5300 kg ha-1), straw yield (10675 kg ha-1), test weight (42.8 g) and harvest index (33.18 %)
were found maximum in treatment 10 t/ha biochar + RDF. In economic analysis treatment 5 t/ha biochar +
RDF was found practically more feasible with a net return (27825 Rs/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.36).