STUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILITY IN APPLE (Malus × domestica Borkh.)
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Date
2019-12
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UHF,NAUNI
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present investigation entitled “Studies on genetic in apple (Malus ×
domestica Borkh.)” was carried out at Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station Bajaura,
Seobagh (HP) during 2018-2019 with the objective of studying the variability in different apple
cultivars and to assess the association among yield and other traits for quantification of promising
cultivars for future use. Twelve cultivars of apple namely, Red Chief, Vance Delicious, Oregon Spur
II, Super Chief, Scarlet Gala, Gale Gala, Red Delicious, Top Red, Scarlet Spur Red Delicious, Early
Red One, Red Fuji and Gold Spur were evaluated for their plant growth, floral, fruiting and chemical
characteristics. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among all the genotypes for all
the characteristics under study viz., tree height, tree spread, trunk girth, annual shoot growth, tree
volume, leaf area, bud burst, first flower open, full bloom, petal fall, duration of flowering, fruit
shape, bearing habit, fruit colour, fruit set, fruit drop, fruit length, fruit breadth, fruit weight, fruit
volume, yield per tree, yield efficiency, total soluble solids, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, sugaracid
ratio, total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars. The genotypes Scarlet Spur Red
Delicious followed by Red Chief, Super Chief were found promising for fruit length, fruit
breadth, fruit weight, fruit volume, titratable acidity and non-reducing sugars whereas Red
Delicious V-22 was found promising for yield per plant (kg). A high phenotypic and genotypic
coefficient of variation was recorded for tree volume. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain
was obtained for trunk girth, tree spread, tree volume, titratable acidity, non-reducing sugars sugaracid
ratio, fruit volume, fruit set and fruit drop. High heritability coupled with moderate genetic gain
was obtained for leaf area, total soluble solids, total sugars, reducing sugars, fruit weight and fruit
firmness, thereby indicating selection of these traits for crop improvement. A highly positive and
significant correlation coefficient of yield per plant was observed with annual shoot growth followed
by tree height, trunk girth, tree spread, tree volume and leaf area at both phenotypic and genotypic
levels. Maximum positive direct effect cited towards yield were contributed by tree height followed
by average leaf area, trunk girth, fruit firmness, yield efficiency, fruit breadth, tree spread, fruit
weight, fruit volume and duration of flowering
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