PROVENANCE EFFECT ON MORPHO-CHEMICAL, MORPHO-GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL OF Hydnocarpus pentandra
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Date
2014-06-01
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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.
Abstract
Provenance influence on growth, productivity, seed quality, fatty acid profile, seed cake quality and biodiesel production of Hydnocarpus pentandra were evaluated in Uttara Kannada district (Agro-climatic Zone-9) of Karnataka during 2013-2014. Experiments are undertaken in the already existing trees in natural forests at four different locations with varying altitudes (400-550 m) and rainfall (2000-3200 mm). There was a significant effect of site conditions on various growth and productivity parameters. The soil under H. pentandra exhibited better physical and chemical properties as compared to their respective control sites. The fruit, seed and kernel parameters were significantly influenced by different locations and fruit sizes. Kernel fraction was significantly influenced by fruit sizes. Seed oil yield varied from 30.61 to 60.13 per cent and was golden yellow in colour having agreeable smell. The GC-MS chromatogram of the oil indicated the presence of 8 to 10 compounds, of which 4 to 5 were identified as the major compounds viz. palmitic acid (2.26-4.20%), stearic acid (2.56-5.13%), chaulmoogric acid (24.57-57.07%), hydnocarpic acid (5.85-7.94%) and gorlic acid (12.02-30.17%). The methyl esters (biodiesel) having kinematic viscosity (4.104 cSt), density (827 kg/m3), acidity (0.36 mg KOH/g), specific gravity (0.827), saponification value (284), flash point (165ºC), fire point (174ºC) and cetane number (63.93) with 82-85 per cent yield was obtained under the optimal condition. The biodiesel parameters fit into the ASTM standards. Macro, micro nutrients and proximate composition of de-oiled cake differed significantly with respect to location and fruit sizes. H. pentandra has the potential to capture medicinal and biofuel sector, due to its high oil content, oil quality and biodiesel production potential.
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