Screening of hickpea genotypes against gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera hubner)
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Date
2014
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JNKVV
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Bengal gram or chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the important pulse crops and is a popular dietary supplement consumed all over the world. Pulses have high protein content and are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Chickpea crop suffers due to the losses caused by various insect pests and diseases.
It is attacked by eleven species of insect pests. Among these pests, the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the most serious insect pest in most of the chickpea growing areas of the world. It damages leaves flowers and pods at different stages of growth and yield losses of 50 per cent or even more, have been recorded due to the incidence of this pest. Several control measures, especially chemical insecticides, are applied to control this pest. Chemical means of plant protection causes several adverse effects like environment-pollution, pest resurgence, development of resistance in pests against insecticides, etc. To avoid these problems, non-chemical pest control measures need to be promoted. Development and searching of resistant plant material is one of such methods.
The use of resistant genotypes is considered as simple, easy, cheap and ideal method of combating pest problems. From farmers' point of view, this can be the most acceptable form of pest control technique. In the past several scientists have made efforts to screen germplasms / genotypes to find resistant sources.
A common limitation is that most of the pest resistant varieties are not high yielding. Breeders are trying to develop high yielding and fusarium wilt resistant lines of chickpea with resistance to pod borer (Lateef et al., 1986). Totally resistant and high yielding genotypes of chickpea to pod borer are not currently ready for farmers' use, but are likely to become available in near future.
It is necessary to develop genotypes with stable resistance against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) across the agro-ecological zones of India.Hence, the present experiment entitled, "Screening of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes for resistance against gram pod borer, Helicoverma armigera (Hubner)” was planned with following objectives:
1. Screening of different genotypes of chickpea against Helicoverpa armigera.
2. Characterization of different chickpea genotypes and correlation of
Helicoverpa incidence with morphological characters.
The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replications and 40 genotypes. Recommended agronomical practices were adopted, to raise good crop. Larval population of Helicoverpa armigera on different genotypes was recorded once in every standard meteorological week (SMW). Sample unit was 0.5 m 2 cropped area and two such sample were observed in each treatment and replication.Observations on total number of pods (healthy and damaged) were recorded on 3 randomly selected plants in every plot. Seed yield from each plot was recorded at harvest. The larval population observed in different genotypes was subjected to analysis of variance at 5% level of significance. .
1. Screening of different genotypes of chickpea against Helicoverpa armigera
Chickpea genotypes namely C-410, C-426, C-424 and C-415 registered lowest population (0.10, 0.23, 0.27, and 0.28, larva) of H.armigera followed by genotypes C-409, C-417 and C-416 that registered mean population of 0.32 larva/0.5 m2. However population of remaining 33 genotypes was found to be at par. Highest mean population was recorded in genotypes namely C-306, C-419, C-324, C-321 and JG-14 (between 0.55 to 0.68 larvae/0.5m2).
2. Characterization of different chickpea genotypes and correlation of
Helicoverpa incidence with morphological characters.
Major plant characters of chickpea genotypes i.e.plant height, days to
50% flowering, pod bearing, pod damage and days to maturity were recorded. Plant height and days to maturity exhibited a significant positive correlation with the incidence level of H.armigera.
With every unit increase in plant height(cm) there was an increase of
0.009 larva of H. armigera in chickpea field and every unit increase in day to maturity there was an increase of 0.022 larva of H. armigera in chickpea field.
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Keywords
genotypes, chickpeas, helicoverpa armigera, animal developmental stages, planting, yields, developmental stages, land resources, crops, sowing