HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF GUAR MEAL (Cyamopsis tetragonolobn) TOXICITY IN BROILER CHICKEN AND ITS AMELIORATION
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Date
2010-12
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
An experiment was conducted to study the ameliorating effect of DLmethionine
(DLM) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the guar meal induced
toxicity in broiler chicken. During the experimental period six groups of birds
(15 in each) were fed with guar meal, PEG, guar meal + DLM, guar meal +
PEG, guar meal + DLM + PEG, added to the control diet. Feed and water
were offered ad libitium for six weeks of the experimental period.
Clinical symptoms and mortality were recorded daily. Data on body
weight gains, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were recorded at
weekly intervals. Birds were sacrificed at 2nd, 4th and 6th week of age, to
study haematological (PCV, Hb and TEC), biochemical (serum GGT, total
proteins and creatinine) parameters and also to study the gross and
histopathological changes.
In comparison to control (Gr I), body weight gains, feed intake and
feed efficiency were significantly (P<0.05), lower in all experimental diets
except on PEG diet (Gr Ill), in which the performance parameters were
comparable to control(Gr I). Body weight gain, feed intake and feed
efficiency were significantly (Pc0.05) improved in ameliorated diets (Gr IV, V
and VI) compared to guar meal diet (Gr 11).
Inclusion of guar meal (15%) has significantly (P<0.05) decreased the
PCV, Hb and TEC compared to control. The toxic effect of guar meal on
haematology was significantly (Pc0.05) reduced by DLM supplementation
(Gr IV) where as guar meal +PEG (Gr V) did not show much ameliorating
effect. The haematological parameters were much more improved in group
ameliorated with both DLM and PEG (Gr VI).
Significant (Pe0.05) increase in serum GGT levels, creatinine levels
and decrease in total proteins were observed in guar meal diet (Gr I!). The
group of guar meal with methionine supplementation (Gr IV) had shown a
significant ( Pc0.05) decrease in serum GGT levels and significant
improvement in serum proteins, but no significant difference was observed
in the serum creatinine, compared to the guar meal fed group (Gr 11). The
group with PEG supplementation (Gr V) had shown a significant (Pc0.05)
decrease in serum GGT and creatinine levels but a significant (Pc0.05)
increase in serum total protein levels but no significant difference in serum
creatinine levels. The group of guar meal supplementation of both
methionine and PEG( Gr VI) had shown a significant decrease in serum
GGT and increase in total proteins compared to guar meal fed group (Gr 11)
and treatment groups (Gr IV and V), but no significant difference in serum
creatinine levels as compared to the guar meal diet (Gr 11).
Birds fed with guar meal diet showed moderate gross changes and
only mild lesions were observed in the treatment groups. In the guar meal
fed group, the lesions include enlarged, pale liver, hypertrophy of pancreas,
congested intestine, heart and spleen. Histopathology of liver revealed
sinusoidal dilation, bile duct hyperplasia and focal lymphoid aggregates. The
intestines revealed much marked disruption of the villi and submucosal
congestion. The pancreas revealed moderate congestion in between the
acinar cells, kidney showing intertubular congestion and degenerative
changes in the tubular epithelium. The heart revealed moderate interfibdllar
hemorrhages. The birds belonging to ameliorative groups revealed lesions of
only mild significance.
Therefore, it can be concluded that DLM and PEG had some
amelioration effect and the combination of both DLM and PEG is more
effective in ameliorating the guar meal induced toxicity, as evidenced from
the results of haematological, biochemical, gross and histopathological
changes.
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