EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON SOIL FERTILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM
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Date
2016
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
The present investigation entitled effect of integrated nutrient management on soil fertility and productivity of soybean-wheat cropping system was conducted during 2014-15 and 2015-16 at Research Cum Instructional Farm of the Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidalaya, Raipur (Chhattisgarh). The treatments comprised of four nutrient sources, viz. S1 : control, S2 : crop residues (wheat) 5 t ha-1/residual effect of previous treatment, S3 : FYM 5 t ha-1/residual effect of previous treatment, S4 : poultry manure 2.5 t ha-1/residual effect of previous treatment in soybean and wheat crops, respectively and five nutrient levels F0 : control, F1 : 50 % RDF, F2 : 100 % RDF, F3 : 50 % RDF+ Zn 5 kg ha-1, F4 : 100% RDF + Zn 5 kg ha-1 for soybean and wheat crops laid out in split plot design with three replications. The soil of the experimental site was neutral in reaction, low in available nitrogen (192.40 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (17.60 kg ha-1) and high in available potassium (282.54 kg ha-1). During the crop growing period of soybean and wheat a total rainfall of 861.4 mm and 653 mm during kharif and 30.8 and 46 mm during rabi in respective years was received. Observations on various growth and yield attributes, grain and straw yields, quality and economics were recorded and data were analyzed statistically.
Results revealed that all the growth attributes (viz., plant height, number of primary branches plant-1, number of trifoliate leaves plant-1, leaf area and LAI, dry matter accumulation plant-1, crop growth rate, number of effective nodules and their dry weight, SPAD value and yield attributes (viz., number of pods plant-1, number of seeds plant-1, 100-grains weight) as well as nutrient contents, protein and oil contents were the highest under application of poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1 which ultimately gave the highest mean grain (21.99 q ha-1) and stover (42.72 q ha-1) yields, harvest index (33.86) nutrient uptake, oil and protein yields as well as net returns(` 40,836 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.93) of soybean compared to rest of treatments. Among various nutrient levels, application of 100 % RDF along with Zn 5 kg ha-1 resulted significantly superior growth and yield parameter of soybean which consequently resulted highest grain (22.75 q ha-1) and stover (42.96 q ha-1) yields, harvest index (34.57) nutrient contents and their uptake, protein contents and oil yield as well as net returns (` 41,019 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.79) as compared to rest of treatments. The combined use of poultry manure and 100 % RDF + 5 kg Zn ha-1 improved the growth and yield attributes of soybean which gave the highest grain (24.79 q ha-1) and stover (46.33 q ha-1) yields, net returns (` 46,900 ha-1) and B:C ratio of 3.07. The available NPK status in soil after harvest of soybean was significantly improved due to the individual application of poultry manure and 100 % RDF + 5 kg Zn ha-1 over the initial fertility status of soil.
In wheat crop, the residual effect of poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1 improved the growth parameters i.e. plant height, number of effective tillers m-1 row length, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area and LAI, dry matter accumulation plant-1, crop growth rate and SPAD value as well as yield attributes like length of ears, weight of ears, grains earhead-1 and 1000-grain weight which consequently resulted in highest grain (28.37 q ha-1), straw (59.96 q ha-1) yields, harvest index (32.03), nutrient contents, uptake and quality as well as net returns (` 31,379 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.56) of wheat compared to the residuals of all other sources of nutrients. Among different nutrient levels, 100 % RDF + Zn 5 kg ha-1 registered highest values for all growth and yield attributes thereby resulted in highest grain (29.86 q ha-1) and straw (61.42 q ha-1) yields, with harvest index of 32.74, nutrient contents, uptake and quality, net returns (` 31,350 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.41) of wheat over rest of the treatments. The highest grain (33.87 q ha-1) and stover (69.35 q ha-1) yields as well as net returns (` 38,524 ha-1) and B:C ratio of 2.73 of wheat were obtained with the conjunctive use of poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1 and 100% RDF + Zn 5kg ha-1 . The fertility status of soil after harvest of wheat was improved due to the sole application of poultry manure and 100 % RDF + 5 kg Zn ha-1 compared to their initial values.
The highest total productivity (50.17 q grain and 102 q stover ha-1) and profitability in terms of net returns (` 72,214 ha-1) and B:C ratio of 5.49 observed in soybean-wheat cropping system with the direct and residual effect of poultry manure compared to the residues of remaining sources of nutrients. Both the crops in system when fertilized with 100 % RDF + Zn @ 5 kg ha-1 recorded the highest total productivity (52.74 q grain and 104.38 q stover ha-1) and profitability in terms of net returns ((` 72,370 ha-1) and B:C ratio (5.20) among all the levels of nutrients. Moreover, the conjunctive use of poultry manure and 100 % RDF + 5 kg Zn ha-1 resulted in highest total productivity (58.47 q ha-1) and profitability (` 88,382 ha-1) in comparison to their sole application.
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395 p.