PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON NECROTIC ENTERITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS IN COMMERCIAL CHICKEN
| dc.contributor.advisor | ANNAPURNA, P (MAJOR) | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | RAMA DEVI, V | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | SRINIVASA RAO, T | |
| dc.contributor.author | SAI CHARITHA, P.V | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-07-29T05:36:06Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2021-07-29T05:36:06Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021-04 | |
| dc.description | THESES | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Necrotic enteritis is caused by infection with and toxin production by Clostridium perfringens (type A and C), a gram positive, spore forming anaerobe. Perusal of available literature revealed a very few reports on necrotic enteritis in chicken in the area under study. Hence, the present study was undertaken to know the occurrence of necrotic enteritis associated with C. perfringens in commercial chicken in natural cases, to study the gross and histopathological lesions, to carry out isolation and identification of C. perfringens by conventional bacteriological techniques and confirmation by PCR. In the present study, a total of 180 commercial chicken were collected from private poultry diagnostic centres showing lesions suggestive of necrotic enteritis at necropsy. Based on the pathological, bacteriological and molecular studies, the overall occurrence of necrotic enteritis associated with C. perfringens was found to be 37.8% in commercial chicken that comprised of 26.7 % in broilers and 11.1% in layers. Among the C. perfringens positive birds, concurrent infection with coccidia was noticed in 41.17% of birds. The clinical signs commonly reported in the necrotic enteritis affected birds were loss of appetite, bloody or whitish diarrhoea and sudden death. On bacteriological isolation and identification, a total of 68 isolates of C. perfringens were obtained and were confirmed by PCR with primers targeting the 16S rRNA of C. perfringens. Further, the isolates were also found positive for the alpha toxin gene of C. perfringens by PCR. At necropsy, the birds were found dehydrated and had foetid odour. The lesions were limited to intestines particularly jejunum while duodenum and ileum were affected in few cases. Extraintestinal lesions were seen only in liver in few cases. Grossly, jejunum showed ballooning with gas and blackish discolouration. Whitish foci visible through serosa were seen in some cases. Cut section revealed brownish, foul smelling fluid and necrotic debris along with sloughing of mucosa. An adherent brownish / greyish white diphtheritic membrane covered the mucosa. Histopathologically, in less severe cases, jejunum showed coagulation necrosis at apices of villi with viable deeper layers of mucosa. In more severe cases, the lumen contained mixture of erythrocytes, fibrin and desquamated epithelial cells. Extensive necrosis of villus epithelium, an adherent necrotic diphtheritic membrane over the mucosa and infiltration of mononuclear cells were the other changes noticed. The common finding in all the birds was presence of gram positive rod shaped bacteria along the tips of villi, on exposed lamina propria and in necrotic areas. Sections of duodenum and ileum showed mild coagulative necrosis. Hepatic lesions consisted of congestion and multifocal, greyish white, coalescing foci scattered on the surface of liver grossly. Coagulative necrosis, congestion and mononuclear cell infiltration were seen microscopically. In birds with concurrent coccidiosis, three species of Eimeria viz. E. acervulina, E. necatrix and E. maxima were identified. The intestinal lesions were more severe and consisted of ballooning and haemorrhages grossly. Haemorrhages and necrosis were found on the mucosa. Lumen contained blood clots and necrotic debris. Histopathologically, developmental stages of coccidia and extensive haemorrhages were seen in the lumen and in the mucosa, along with rod shaped bacteria in the surrounding necrotising debris. The present study revealed an overall occurrence of 37.8% of necrotic enteritis associated with C. perfringens in commercial chicken in the area under study indicating the impact of necrotic enteritis on poultry production leading to economic losses. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810171063 | |
| dc.keywords | COMMERCIAL CHICKEN; NECROTIC ENTERITIS; CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS; PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
| dc.pages | 136 | en_US |
| dc.publisher | SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA | en_US |
| dc.sub | Veterinary Pathology | en_US |
| dc.theme | PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON NECROTIC ENTERITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS IN COMMERCIAL CHICKEN | en_US |
| dc.these.type | M.V.Sc. | en_US |
| dc.title | PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON NECROTIC ENTERITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS IN COMMERCIAL CHICKEN | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |