EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZERS AND FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND SOIL PROPERTIES IN BLACK GRAM (Vigna mungo L.)
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Date
2024-05-22
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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University
Abstract
Combined application of biofertilizers and fertilizers was evaluated for crop
response, soil fertility and enzyme activity in black gram through field experiment
during rabi, 2021 in Wetland farm at S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya N.G.
Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. The experimental soil
was slightly alkaline, non-saline, low in organic carbon and nitrogen and medium
in available phosphorus and potassium. The experiment was laid out in a
randomized block design with ten treatments and three replications. The
treatments include control (0% RDF) (T1), 100% RDF (T2), 75 % RDF + Seed
treatment with liquid Rhizobium + liquid PSB + liquid KSB (T3), 100 % RDF +
Seed treatment with liquid Rhizobium + liquid PSB + liquid KSB (T4), 75 % RDF
+ Seed treatment with solid Rhizobium + solid PSB + solid KSB (T5), 100 % RDF
+ Seed treatment with solid Rhizobium + solid PSB + solid KSB (T6), 75 % RDF
+ Soil application of liquid Rhizobium + liquid PSB + liquid KSB (T7), 100 %
RDF + Soil application of liquid Rhizobium + liquid PSB + liquid KSB (T8), 75 %
RDF + Soil application of solid Rhizobium + solid PSB + solid KSB (T9) and 100
% RDF + Soil application of solid Rhizobium + solid PSB + solid KSB (T10). The
recommended dose of fertilizers for rabi black gram is 25:50:25 kg N:P2O5:K2O
ha-1
Combined application of 100 % RDF + Soil application of liquid Rhizobium
+ liquid PSB + liquid KSB (T8) recorded numerically the highest plant growth
parameters viz., dry matter production, plant height, number of branches plant-1
,
number of nodules plant-1 at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and harvest stages.
Yield parameters like number of pods plant-1 and number of seeds pod-1
were registered numerically the highest under combined application of 100 % RDF
+ Soil application of liquid Rhizobium + liquid PSB + liquid KSB (T8) treatment.
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Significantly the highest seed yield and straw yield was noticed in 100 %
RDF + Soil application of liquid Rhizobium + liquid PSB + liquid KSB (T8)
treatment.
Combined application of 100 % RDF + Soil application of liquid Rhizobium
+ liquid PSB + liquid KSB (T8) resulted in the highest numerical values of N, P
and K uptake by plant at all growth stages of crop.
The highest soil microbial population (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes)
were observed at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and harvest stages with the application of 100
% RDF + Soil application of liquid Rhizobium + liquid PSB + liquid KSB (T8).
The microbial activity was increased from 30 DAS to 60 DAS later on decreased
at harvest
Combined application of 100 % RDF + Soil application of liquid Rhizobium
+ liquid PSB + liquid KSB (T8) showed numerically the highest values of soil
urease, alkaline and acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase enzyme activity at all
growth stages of crop. All these enzymes activity was increased from 30 DAS to
60 DAS and decreased at harvest stage of crop.
Numerically the highest values of available N, P2O5 and K2O in soil were
exhibited due to combined application of 100 % RDF + Soil application of liquid
Rhizobium + liquid PSB + liquid KSB (T8) treatment at all stages of crop growth.
The pH, EC, OC, exchangeable Ca and Mg, available sulphur and DTPA
extractable micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) were not significantly affected by
combined application of inorganic fertilizers along with biofertilizers after
harvest.
The highest gross returns, net returns, benefit-cost ratio were obtained
under combined application of 100 % RDF + Soil application of liquid Rhizobium
+ liquid PSB + liquid KSB (T8) followed by T3, T4 and T7 treatments.
In conclusion, the study indicated that application of 100 % RDF + Soil
application of liquid Rhizobium + liquid PSB + liquid KSB (T8) to black gram
crop is found to be ecologically and economically feasible nutrient management
practice to achieve sustainable yields in Southern Agroclimatic Zone of Andhra
Pradesh.