RPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES IN FOXTAIL MILLET (Setaria italica (L.))
Loading...
Date
2022-08-10
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
guntur
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and Morphological characterization and genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet ( genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet ( genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet ( genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet ( genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet ( genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet ( genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet ( genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet ( genetic divergence studies in foxtail millet (Setaria italica Setaria italica Setaria italica Setaria italica Setaria italica Setaria italica Setaria italica Setaria italica Setaria italica Setaria italica Setaria italica Setaria italica (L.)) ‟‟ was carried during Kharif, 2020 at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, in order to study morphological characterization and genetic divergence with 64 genotypes in square lattice design with two replications. Morphological characterization of 64 foxtail millet genotypes for 20 DUS traits revealed existence of ample polymorphism for qualitative and quantitative characters. It was observed that majority of the genotypes exhibited erect growth habit, green plant pigmentation, absence of plant pigmentation at auricle, long bristles, loose inflorescence compactness, medium panicle lobing and lobe compactness and light grey colour grains. Whereas in quantitative characters higher level of polymorphism was observed towards tall plant height, low number of productive tillers per plant, medium flag leaf blade length, width and peduncle length, short panicle exertion, long panicle length, narrow panicle width, medium in days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity and medium test weight.
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 24 metric traits in 64 foxtail millet genetic resources revealed that existence of ample genetic variation in the material. Based on mean values, plant height was recorded more in genotype SiA 4145. Similarly, mean values for yield and yield contributing traits like weight of five panicles and panicle length was recorded more in genotype SiA 4145 compared to checks. SiA 60 recorded more for number of productive tillers per plant and test weight compared to checks suggesting that these genotypes can be exploited for the development future crop improvement programmes.
In the present study, the genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters was less than phenotypic coefficient of variation indicating the interaction of genotypes with environment. Moderate to high variability and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for characters viz., panicle length, panicle width, number of productive tillers per plant, test weight, harvest index, SCMR at 45 days, SCMR at maturity, flag leaf blade width, panicle exertion, peduncle length, zinc content, copper content, iron content, manganese content, protein content, calcium content, phosphorus content, antioxidant activity and
xiv
grain yield per plant indicating the predominance of additive gene action. Hence, direct phenotypic selection may be useful with respect to these traits for improvement in yield.
Based on the present study, it can be concluded that important yield attributing characters like panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant, test weight, weight of five panicles, SCMR at maturity and flag leaf blade length may be given due importance in selection of genotypes, as these characters recorded positive correlations with grain yield. Some of the quality parameters like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, calcium, phosphorus and antioxidant activity recorded positive associations while protein content recorded negative correlations with grain yield. Therefore, it was observed simultaneous selection for yield and all quality traits may not be possible hence balanced selection criteria should be followed depending on the objective.
The path coefficient analysis revealed that panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant, test weight, SCMR at maturity, copper content and iron content not only showed high significant positive correlations but also recorded high positive direct effects with grain yield per plant suggesting the importance of direct selection for these traits. Further, the residual effect observed was 0.666 and 0.296 at phenotypic level and genotypic level respectively indicating that the characters included in the present study clearly explained the direct and indirect effects to some extent on the dependent variable.
In D2 analysis based on inter and intra-cluster distances it was observed that hybridization between the genotypes belonging to cluster V (SiA 3770) and cluster VI (SiA 3855) followed by cluster VI (SiA 3855) and cluster VII (SiA 3222) may be utilized under inter-varietal hybridization programme (transgressive breeding) for obtaining superior segregants after conforming their general combining ability. It would be always desirable to attempt hybridisation between genotypes belonging to distant clusters to obtain highly useful crosses.
Principal component analysis identified nine principal components with eigen value more than one and 76.59% of cumulative variance. The 2D and 3D plots indicated that genotypes SiA 60, SiA 3570, SiA 3914, SiA 3222, SiA 3629, SiA 4089, SiA 3561 and SiA 2681 were divergent for yield and quality traits.
In Ward‟s method, maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster I and cluster III. Therefore, hybridization between the genotypes of cluster I (SiA 60, SiA 78, SiA 326, SiA 2851, SiA 3088, SiA 3159, SiA 3552, SiA 3326, SiA 3330, SiA 3556, SiA 3390, SiA 3396, SiA 3561, SiA 3588, SiA 3619, SiA 3566, SiA 3770, SiA 3891, SiA 4032, SiA 3554, SiA 3596, SiA 4145, SiA 3284, SiA 3643, SiA 3562, SiA 3568, SiA 3912, Krishnadevaraya, Srilakshmi) and cluster III (SiA 3613, SiA 3639, SiA 2681, SiA 3640, SiA 3597, SiA 3855, SiA 3915) would result in better varieties.
In the present study, using all the three divergence methods, the genotypes SiA 60, SiA 3222, SiA 3159, SiA 4145, SiA 3330, SiA 2681, SiA 3770, SiA 3891, SiA 3570, SiA 4089, SiA 3914, SiA 3855 and SiA 3642 showed maximum inter-cluster distance and also high cluster means for most of grain yield contributing characters and some quality traits. So all these genotypes can be exploited for the development of future crop improvement programmes.
Description
RPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES IN FOXTAIL MILLET
(Setaria italica (L.))