Effective water management in Kesinga and Kotni Basins-application of WEAP model
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Date
2019-11
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The relentless increase in population coupled with rising temperature, varying rainfall patterns, depleting groundwater, rising sea-levels, declining snowfall, retreating glaciers, intense tropical cyclones and resulting spurt in the demand for water is precipitating a major crisis for food security and rural economy, which require careful planning and management of limited non-renewable water resources. In this study an attempt has been made to develop Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) model to analyse water balance, to achieve water security and sustainability in Kesinga and Kotni basins. FAO-CROPWAT 8.0 computer programme was used to compute crop irrigation requirements, reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and to develop scheme water supply for various districts of Kesinga and Kotni basins. Agroclimatic data were collected using FAO New_LocClim local climate estimator for each district. Meteorological data were collected from the India Meteorological Department (IMD), Pune and Hydrological data were collected from Central Water Commission (CWC), Mahanadi and Eastern Rivers division, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The model was structured according to one scenario with a current accounts year (1990) and reference period (1991-2004) for external driving factors (irrigation demand, livestock, urbanization, and population) to predict their impacts on water balance or water supply system. Total annual water demand, unmet demand and streamflow for reference scenario in Kesinga basin were 77541 Mm3, 52631 Mm3 and 72818 Mm3 respectively while, in Kotni basin were 79174 Mm3, 48586 Mm3 and 27495 Mm3 respectively. The RMSE and NSE were 43.10 Mm3 and 99.40% respectively for Kesinga basin and 183.58 Mm3 and 72.02% respectively for the Kotni basin. Results indicated that tributaries of Mahanadi river do not have sufficient capacity to satisfy water demands in two basins and most of the tributaries will be under water stress conditions in all months of the year. Outcomes of the study demonstrated that WEAP model is a useful tool for integrated water resources management and suggested that dependence on surface water resources alone is not sufficient to satisfy water demands.
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