EVALUATION OF FISH SCALE DERIVED SCAFFOLD AND PLATELET RICH PLASMA FOR THE TREATMENT OF CORNEAL INJURIES IN DOGS
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Date
2018-11
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
The present study on evaluation of fish scale derived scaffold and platelet rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of corneal injuries was conducted to find the compatibility of the materials on healing of induced corneal injuries in rabbits and to treat corneal ulcers in dogs. Autologous platelet rich plasma was prepared by single step centrifugation with average two-fold increase in platelet concentration than whole blood. Decellularization and decalcification of the fish scales were done and loss of cellular contents was confirmed by Haematoxylin & Eosin staining.
Twelve adult New Zealand White Albino rabbits were induced moderate to deep stromal ulcers using 50% ethanol and manual scraping. The platelet rich plasma eye drops were applied 4 times a day in one group and fish scale derived acellular scaffold was grafted to the lesion and the cornea was observed on 3,7,14,21 and 28th post-operative days. Twelve dogs with corneal lesions were subjected to platelet rich plasma (6 dogs) and fish scale derived acellular scaffold grafting (6 dogs). There was a significant rise (P < 0.05) in the rectal temperature, respiratory and heart rate values in the initial postoperative days in the rabbits in both groups, which returned to normal during the period of observation.
PRP treated rabbits showed visual function score 2 by day 7, while in grafted rabbits it was on 21st day of observation. The visual function score was 1 on 21st day of observation in all dogs. The cornea became clear by 21st day and 28th post-operative day respectively in PRP treated and grafted rabbits. The corneal clarity improved significantly by 21st and 28th day in PRP treated and grafted dogs respectively. Significant improvement was noticed in grafted canine corneas on day 14 onwards. Corneal melanosis was the major complication observed in Pugs in both the groups.
The vascularisation of cornea was found to be increased in intensity and reached the peak by 21st day and then started regressing in PRP treated rabbit. The corneal neovascularisation was almost similar in grafted rabbits also. The vascularisation score reached peak on 21st day of observation in PRP treated dogs, while it was on 14th day in grafted canines. Fluorescein dye test was positive in all corneas following ulcer creation in all rabbits. The test was negative on all corneas on 21st day of observation in PRP treated rabbit corneas, while graft treated group became negative by 14th day of observation. All dogs received PRP drops became negative for fluorescein dye test on 21st day of observation and it was on day 14 post-grafting for all corneas. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in total leucocyte count on immediate post ulcer creation in rabbits which became normal during the period of observation. Histologically the sections showed inflammatory cells at the sub epithelial region. Severe inflammatory response was observed in grafted group but the leucocytes and neo capillaries not invaded the graft. Epithelial downgrowth at the border of the scaffold was observed on day 7 onwards. Autologous platelet rich plasma eye drops were effective for regeneration of cornea by enhancing the rate of healing. PRP has the advantage of being a nonsurgical procedure in addition to low cost and ease of access for practitioners by centrifugation of the blood. Fish scale derived acellular scaffold were well accepted by the host tissue and are ideal for corneal reconstruction and the novel scaffold is a promising biomaterial for corneal tissue engineering in terms of easy availability, high transparency and better biomechanical properties.
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