Studies on prevalence of bovine tropical theileriosis and assessment of its economic impact
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Date
2018-08
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Considering the economic importance and increase reports of Bovine Tropical Theileriosis (BTT), the prevalence of the disease in district of Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand was studied host wise, area wise, season wise and month wise from July, 2017 to June, 2018. alongwith evaluation of chemical drugs against Theileria annulata in cattle and assessment of its economic impact. A total of 694 blood samples of bovines (541 from cattle and 153 from buffaloes) were examined and found 338 animals (48.70%) were positive for BTT. Maximum (54.34%) prevalence of BTT was observed in cattle and than in buffaloes (28.75%). Area-wise prevalence of BTT in cattle revealed maximum (100%) in Sitarganj area and the lowest (50%) in Kashipur area. However, in buffaloes, it was recorded maximum (39.39%) in Kichha and the lowest (0%) in Sitarganj areas. Seasonal prevalence of BTT in cattle was recorded maximum (63.73%) in summer followed by rainy (60%) and the lowest (45.62%) in winter season. In buffaloes also it was recorded highest in summer season followed by rainy and then in winter with infection rate of 40.67%, 25.58% and 17.64%, respectively. Monthwise prevalence of BTT in both cattle and buffaloes revealed maximum prevalence in the month of May with infection rate of 70.58% and 47.05%, respectively. However, it was recorded minimum (41.53%) in the month of February in cattle and 0% during January and February in buffaloes. Haematological examination revealed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in haemoglobin concentration (6.28±0.42 g%), packed cell volume (19.14±1.20 %), total erythrocytic count (3.98±0.21 × 106/μl) and increase in TLC (9.31±0.37 × 10³/μl) were recorded in infected animals. However, it was in uninfected group were 10.29±0.38 g%, 31.19±1.09 %, 6.02±0.19 × 106/μl and 8.37±0.24 × 10³/μl, respectively. Significant (P<0.05) lymphopenia (51.90±4.30 %) and neutrophilia (36.00±4.89 %) were observed in infected cattle. However, differential leucocytes count revealed 60.90±1.52 % lymphocytes and 34.80±1.58 % neutrophils in control animals. The increase in monocytes (5.50±1.00 %) and eosinophils (6.60±2.50 %) were observed in infected cattle as compared with uninfected control monocytes (1.80±0.40 %) and eosinophils (2.50±0.57 %). A decrease in MCV (48.04±1.81 fl) and MCH (15.73±0.54 pg) were observed in infected group as compared to control (MCV-51.81±0.77fl and MCH 17.08±0.26 pg) which revealed microcytic RBC’s and low average quantity of haemoglobin present in single erythrocyte, respectively. However, no changes was observed in MCHC (32.78±0.37 g%) in infected group. The anti-theilerial efficacy of various combinations of chemical drugs (buparvaquone +oxytetracycline, chloroquine + oxytetracycline, α,β-Artether + Oxytetracycline and diminazine aceturate +oxytetracycline) was also studied in cattle naturally infected with T. annulata. Buparvaquone showed better efficacy than diaminazine aceturtae, chloroquine and alpha, beta-arteether when used in combination with oxytetracyline at recommended dose. It reduces the intensity of infection from ++++ to + as compared to other drugs but unable to eliminate the parasite from blood of infected animals. The effect of treatment on milk production revealed a total increase of 50.05litre milk yield/animal following treatment with buparvaquone and supportive drugs over a period of 28days. The total economic losses due to BTT were estimated of Rs. 789.85 per animal. On the basis of present study, it can be concluded that prevalence data may be used for formulating an effective control strategies against Bovine Tropical Theileriosis in animals of district Udham Singh Nagar. The findings of evaluation of various chemical drugs suggest that two doses of bupravquone are essentially required for complete elimination of the parasite from the blood of infected animals. The disease is fatal in nature, so that it is suggested that the farmers should go for proper diagnosis of the disease and consult Veterinarians for minimizing the economic losses.
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