Evaluation of protective effect of Erythrina variegata and Spirulina platensis in imidacloprid intoxicated WLH cockerels
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Date
2014-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the ameliorative efficacy of Erythrina variegata leaf powder (EVLP) @1% and Spirulina platensis (SP) @ 0.2% in feed by determining hematobiochemical and antioxidant parameters and histopathological examination following simultaneous administration of imidacloprid (IMI) @ 50 ppm in feed for 60 days in white leghorn cockerels. Hydroethanolic extract of leaves of Erythrina variegata (HEEV) was prepared for phytochemical analysis, and to evaluate its effect on isolated smooth muscles of rat ileum. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, sterols, saponins and terpenes. For evaluation of protective effects of SP and EVLP in IMI intoxicated cockerels, forty two male white leghorn chicks were divided equally and randomly into six groups viz. I, II, III, IV, V and VI. Group I served as control and other groups were administered as SP @ 0.2% in II, IMI @ 50 PPM in III, SP @ 0.2% plus IMI @ 50 PPM in group IV, EVLP (1%) in group V and EVLP (1%) plus IMI @ 50 PPM in VI, respectively, for 60 days and parameters were recorded at 0, 30 and 60 days interval. A significant (P<0.05) decline in body weight gain was measured in imidacloprid treated cockerels, whereas, SP and EVLP treatments alone in groups II and V and simultaneously with IMI in groups IV and VI revealed an improvement in body weight gain. A significant (P<0.05) reduction in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC was observedin group III and a significant (P<0.05) increase in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC was observed in group II as compared to control after 60 days. Groups IV and VI showed a significant (P<0.05) improvement in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC as compared to group III. A significant decline in total serum protein, albumin and globulin was reported in imidacloprid treated cockerels of group III as compared to control. Groups IV and VI showed significant (P<0.05) increase in total serum protein, albumin and globulin as compared to group III showing ameliorative effect of SP and EVLP medication. A significant (P<0.05) increase in triglycerides, cholesterol, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP was observed in cockerels of imidacloprid treated Group III, whereas, a significant (P<0.05) decline in value of these parameters was observed in groups IV and VI supplemented with SP and EVLP, respectively. A significant (P<0.05) decline in RBC catalase and SOD and an increase in LPO in RBC, liver, kidney and testes was observed in group III which, however, returned to normalcy following simultaneous medication with SP and EVLP in groups IV and VI after 60 days. Histopathological changes such as severe congestion of blood vessels, interstitial hemorrhages between tubules, swelling of the glomeruli and hypercellularity of the glomerular capillaries in kidney; severe congestion of large blood vessel, sinusoidal congestion, vacuolar degeneration of the hepatocytes throughout the parenchyma and presence of mononuclear cells around congested blood vessels in liver; reduction in size of the seminiferous tubules with a single layer of germinal epithelium in testes and congestion of blood vessels, elongation of neurons, gliosis and satellitosis in brain were observed in IMI treated group after 60 days trial in cockerels.The tissues from IMI cockerels supplemented with EVLP in group VI showed mild pathological lesions while there were no pathological changes in liver, kidney, testes and brain from IMI plus SP supplemented cockerels of group IV. Presensitization with HEEV (100-1200 µg/ml) for five minutes showed significant spasmolytic activity against acetylcholine (10-5M) and carbachol (10-5M) induced contractions in isolated rat ileum It is concluded from this study that administration of imidacloprid (50 ppm) in feed for 60 days produced haemotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and potent oxidative effects, which were ameliorated following simultaneous administration of Spirulina platensis (0.2%) and Erythrina variegata (1%), respectively, for 60 days in white leghorn cockerels. Hydroethanolic extract of Erythrina variegata showed spasmolytic activity in rat ileum.
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