STUDIES ON THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF CERTAIN HERBAL COMPOUNDS AGAINST INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED TOXICITY DUE TO OCHRATOXIN AND T-2 TOXIN
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Date
2007-05
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT :
A total of 300 sexed day old male broiler chicks of vencobb were randomly divided into twenty groups consisting of fifteen chicks in each group. Groups 1,2,3,4 and 5 served as positive controls (group 1 was maintained on based diet, 2 on curcuma @ 0.5g %, 3 on ginger @ 0.5 %, 4 on polyherbal compound (PHC; Toxicheck, Indian Herbs) @ 0.1% and 5 on activated charcoal (AC) @ 0.4%), Group 6 was maintained on ochratoxin A (OTA) @ 2 ppm, 11 on T-2 toxin @ 1 ppm and 16 on a combination of OTA+ T-2 toxins. Groups 7, 8, 9 and 10 were maintained on a combination of OTA with ginger, curcuma, PHC and AC, respectively. Groups 12, 13, 14 and 15 were maintained on a combination of T-2 toxin with ginger, curcuma, PHC and AC, respectively. Groups 17, 18, 19 and 20 were kept on OTA+T-2 in combination with ginger, curcuma, PHC and AC, respectively. All the treatment groups and positive controls were maintained from day one till the termination of the experiment at the end of 6th week (42nd day). The performance parameters were assessed at weekly intervals. Anti-oxidative defense enzymes (GSH-Px, GSH-R and catalase), biomarkers of hepatic damage (ALT), renal damage (serum creatinine and BUN), serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides) and protein profile (total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio) were estimated at the end of 4th and 6th week. Liver lipids, TBARS and HI titer, and the activity of Na+/k+ ATPase, Mg2+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase and CYP450 were estimated at the end of 6th week. The latter enzymes and CYP 450 were estimated on combined toxicity group 16 (OTA + T-2) and respective treatment groups in liver at the end of 6th week. In vitro study using cultured proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) was also conducted using OTA and PHC. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on liver and kidney of groups 6 (OTA) and 16 (OTA + T-2); intestines of group 11 (T-2), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on liver, kidney and intestines of group 16 (OTA + T-2), and histopathological studies on liver, kidney, intestines and bursa of all the groups were conducted at the end of 6th week. Antioxidant enzyme levels, sero-biochemical parameters, activity of membranes ATPases and CYP450 were significantly altered and the ultrastructural study of toxic control groups (6, 11 and 16) showed cellular damage, chromatin condensation and crescent margination in liver and intestines with well marked lesions in kidney. In vitro study conducted in cultured PCTs with 10 uM OTA revealed DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, caspase 3 release, intracellular ROS formation, GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation in cultured cells. Pre-treatment of cultured PCTs with PHC provided significant protection to PCTs against OTA induced cytotoxicity. The sero-biochemical and histopathological parameters were normal in controls groups 1 to 5 and other groups that were given curcuma, ginger, PHC and AC, and showed good amelioration. Thus, it is concluded that curcuma, PHC and ginger in order showed better amelioration compared to activated charcoal. Herbs were effective as antioxidants in preventing OTA / T-2 either alone or combination-induced oxidative stress and toxicity by facilitating restoration of antioxidant defense mechanisms and immune status. Hence, their supplementation would reduce the incidence of economic losses due to mycotoxins-induced oxidative stress.
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