STUDIES ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CARBON EMISSION IN DHARMPUR BLOCK OF SOLAN DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
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Date
2015
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ABSTRACT
The present investigation entitled “Studies on energy consumption and carbon emission in Dharmpur block of Solan district of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in Dharmpur block of Solan district. The energy consumption pattern revealed that fuelwood consumption contributed highest (80.43%) proportion of total energy mix followed by electricity (11.55%), kerosene (2.87%), dung cake (2.79%), LPG (2.31%) and diesel (0.08%). The daily energy consumption pattern in kg of coal equivalent for fuelwood, electricity, kerosene, dung cake, LPG and diesel was worked to be as 10.09, 1.45, 0.36, 0.35, 0.29 and 0.01 respectively. The consumption of fuelwood (16.88 kg) per day and dung cake (1.71 kg) per day was high during winter season in selected households, whereas LPG consumption was highest (8.18 kg) per month during summer season. The monthly consumption of fuelwood, kerosene, LPG and electricity per household in the study area was 370 kg, 1.8 liter, 7.35 kg and 62 kWh respectively. Overall monthly energy consumption for cooking in Dharmpur block was worked out to be fuelwood (259.8 kg), kerosene (1.8 liters), electricity (3.81 kWh) and LPG (7.35 kg). The monthly energy consumption of fuelwood (174.6 kg) and dung cake (60.0 kg) for heating was highest in BPL families, whereas energy consumption of fuelwood (90.0 kg) and dung cake (29.1 kg) was lowest in APL families. Use of electricity for heating showed increasing trend with increase in monthly income of families, which was highest (82%) in high income families, whereas no consumption of electricity was found in low monthly income families. Electricity use for lighting was 100 per cent in Dharmpur block. Study revealed that as land holding of families increased electricity consumption for agriculture also increased. The monthly electricity consumption for agriculture was found highest (15 kWh) in medium land holding families and lowest (2.33 kWh) in families having marginal land holding. The use of non conventional energy technologies such as solar water heaters were found in APL families (35.7%) only. However, 16.4 per cent of selected households have biogas plants which were non functional. For industrial units, electricity use was found to be prominent (99.9%) than diesel (0.1%). The per capita annual energy consumption of electricity was estimated to be 160 kWh, kerosene (1.29 liters), dung cake (0.07 tonnes) and fuelwood (0.76 tonnes). Annual CO2 emission from households in Dharmpur block was estimated as 86,603 tonnes out of which 74,275 tonnes (80.64%) was emitted from the fuelwood consumption only. The total emissions from Industries were 6,825 tonnes of CO2 annually. The annual per capita energy consumption from all sources for Dharmpur block was estimated to be 12.5 tonnes of coal equivalent. The per capita CO2 emission from different energy sources in Dharmpur block was 1.1 tonnes