PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON 7.5% KARANJ CAKE (Pongamia glabra )TOXICITY AND ITS AMELIORATION INBROILER CHICKENS
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Date
2009-10
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Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P
Abstract
ABSTRACT ;
Karanj cake, an unconventional protein rich agro industrial by product can be included in poultry ration upto a certain level in partial replacement of costlier conventional protein ingradients. Keeping in view of the hepato toxic and nephro toxic nature of karanj cake, the present experiment was undertaken to study the effect of dietary incorporation of 7.5 % expeller karanj cake in partial replacement of soya bean meal and its amelioration with 1.5 % NaOH (w/w) and 0.1 % activated charcoal, inorder to find out the suitability of its inclusion in poultry ration .
The present study was conducted at Poultry experimental station, C.V.Sc, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad with 90 day-old commercial male Vencobb broiler chicks.
The chicks were divided into 5 treatment groups and each group was further replicated to 3 of 6 chicks each. The experiment was carried out for 6 weeks.
G-1 birds were fed with basal diet as such and G-2 was maintained on 7.5 % raw expeller karanj cake incorporated basal diet, and G-3 was fed on 7.5 % EKC along with charcoal, while G-4 and G-5 were provided with 1.5 % NaOH (w/w) treated EKC alone and in combination with 0.1 % activated charcoal in basal diet for 42 days respectively.
Clinically all the birds were normal, however, marked growth depression was noticed in birds fed on expeller karanj cake diet (G-2) birds as compared to other groups. Ameliorative groups showed improvement in respect of body weights, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio, indicating their positive action against karanj cake toxicity.
Six birds from each group were sacrificed at the end of 2nd, 4th and 6th week and blood and serum were collected for studying the haemato- biochemical parameters.
Haematological profile of the present study revealed significant (P > 0.05) reduction of TEC, PCV, Hb and TLC values in G-2 with respect to other groups.
The serum biochemical profile of the present study revealed significant reduction of protein profile, cholesterol levels and a significant (P > 0.05) increase of creatinine, AST, glucose and A/G ratio levels in comparison to other groups.
The hematological and biochemical profile of the ameliorative groups G-4 and G-5 showed better improvement in comparison to G-3 birds.
A detailed necropsy was conducted on birds of all the groups and various organs were collected for studying the gross and histopathological changes.
The gross and histopathological changes in G-2 birds comprised of marked congestion and enlargement of liver with marked central venous congestion, mild degenerative changes (hydropic degeneration) in histopathological sections. Kidneys exhibited gross changes like enlargement and marked congestion which were correlated with marked intertubular haemorrhages, congestion and severe degenerative changes in histopathological sections. Bursa and spleen showed slight reduction in size and histopathological sections revealed mild to moderate depletion of lymphocytes in the respective organs. However, intestine did not reveal either gross or histopathological changes during the experimental period.
The gross and histopathological changes of the ameliorative groups G-4 and G-5 were mild type in comparison to moderate changes exhibited by G-3 birds.
From the results of the study, it can be concluded that dietary incorporation of 7.5 % EKC resulted in significant toxico pathological effects in broiler chicken. Alkali treatment with 1.5% NaoH alone (G-4) or in combination with 0.1% activated
charcoal (G-5) showed better ameliorative effect than 0.1% activated charcoal alone (G-3) in counteracting the toxic effects of karanj cake.
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Keywords
KARANJ CAKE; Pongamia glabra ;TOXICITY; AMELIORATION; BROILER CHICKENS