QUANTIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, BIO-RECYCLING AND ENERGY POTENTIAL OF URBAN SOLID WASTE IN HIMACHAL PRADESH

Simple item page
dc.contributor.advisorBHARDWAJ, S K
dc.contributor.authorPATHANIA, RADHIKA
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-18T06:50:20Z
dc.date.available2021-01-18T06:50:20Z
dc.date.issued2021-01
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Quantification, Characterization, Quantification, Characterization Solid Waste of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 in the Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The investigation was aimed at quantification, characterization of urban solid waste and assessment of energy, methane emission potential, its bio-recycling through composting and evaluation of its effectiveness in vegetable crop production. The study was conducted by selecting five major towns namely: Shimla, Dharamshala, Kangra, Hamirpur and Una in HP. In each urban area three activities residential, commercial, institutional were selected for conducting the study. Bio-recycling of urban solid waste was done by imposing five treatments consists of different combinations of cow dung, earthworms, microbial consortium and agricultural waste. The effect of best quality urban solid waste compost was studied on bell pepper by imposing eight treatment combinations of graded doses of NPK fertilizer alone and in combination with waste compost in Randomized Block Design by replicating thrice. The study pointed out that waste quantity varied with activities like residential, commercial and institutional in each urban area. In residential commercial & institutional sectors waste generation ranged from 0.952 to 1.523 kg day-1 residence-1, 32.38 to 82.02 kg day-1 commercial activity-1 and 5.30 to 16.59 kg day-1 institution-1. In major urban areas of HP the total waste generation rate varied from 5.13-85.95 t day-1 and area wise the order was: Shimla (85.95 t day-1), Dharamshala (22.82 t day-1), Una (7.10 t day-1), Hamirpur (7.02 t day-1), Kangra (5.13 t day-1). The waste generation per capita ranged from 0.33 -0.45 kg capita day-1. The urban area wise waste footprint varied from 0.009-0.153 ha with order of: Shimla (0.153 ha) > Dharamshala (0.041 ha) > Una (0.013ha) > Hamirpur (0.012 ha) > Kangra (0.009 ha). Waste generation in selected towns need 55.77 ha, 14.81 ha, 3.33 ha, 4.56 h and 4.61 ha of land per annum with respect to Shimla, Dharamshala, Kangra, Hamirpur and Una for its proper disposal which, however is projected to 72.99 ha, 19.98 ha, 3.75 ha, 4.87 ha and 4.92 ha by 2025. The component wise waste generation was in the order of: food waste (52.39%) > paper/ cardboard (21.84%) > plastic (15.84%) > glass (4.22%) > others (2.26%) > textile (1.27%) > metallic (1.21%) > rubber (0.90%). The waste quantity also varied with the seasons and was higher during summer months. The waste contained moisture content, volatile matter, calorific value ranged from 41.33- 53.21%, 20.89-27.72% and 2250.86- 2391.24 kcal kg-1, which indicated its biodegradable nature. The elemental composition like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen varied from 31.58-40.29%, 4.01 -7.44% and 0.51-0.82%, respectively and its energy content ranged from 9021.57 – 12537.47 KJkg-1 indicating the suitability of USW for energy generation. The methane emission potential ranged from 0.09 – 1.43 Gg indicating thereby the urgency of waste management to avoid its contribution towards inducing climate change. Bio recycling of USW using cow dung and earthworms proved effective and yielded compost with high NPK content of 0.98, 0.33 and 0.55 %, respectively. The conjoint application of 75% NPK and USW compost in bell pepper was found superior for enhancing growth, quality and yield attributes viz; plant height (70.2 cm), fruit length (5.21cm), pericarp thickness (4.85 mm), number of fruits per plant (22.54), fruit weight (50.76 g), ascorbic acid (175.79 mg100g-1), total soluble solids (5.56 0B), chlorophyll content (1.90 mg100g-1) and consequently the highest crop yield (335.28 qha-1). The agronomic effectiveness of the conjoint application of 75% NPK and compost was 25% higher than alone application of 100% NPK. Further, the combined application of 50% NPK and USW compost resulted yield equivalent to 100% NPK alone indicating that compost has replaced 50% of chemical fertilizers. From the study it can be concluded that increasing urban solid waste generation with the high fraction of organic waste and its unscientific disposal may deteriorate environmental quality by enhancing waste footprint and GHG emissions. Therefore, more emphasis needs to develop a system for segregation of waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable components at source level, so that biodegradable material which is generated in high quantity (52.39%) may be bio-recycled into a valuable compost for supplementing the nutrient requirements of agriculture/horticulture sector. Further, adoption of integrated sustainable waste management may help in achieving potential economic benefits from the waste while combating climate changeen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810160299
dc.keywordsQuantification, Characterization,Quantification, Characterization,Solid Waste of Himachal Pradeshen_US
dc.language.isoEnglishen_US
dc.pages126+xiiien_US
dc.publisherUHF,NAUNIen_US
dc.subEnvironmental Scienceen_US
dc.themeQuantification, Characterization,Quantification, Characterization,Solid Waste of Himachal Pradeshen_US
dc.these.typePh.Den_US
dc.titleQUANTIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, BIO-RECYCLING AND ENERGY POTENTIAL OF URBAN SOLID WASTE IN HIMACHAL PRADESHen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
PDF Ph.D. Thesis Radhika Pathania (Evs).pdf
Size:
2.33 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download
Collections
Theses