Ultrasound guided nerve block anesthesia in animals
| dc.contributor.advisor | Kumar, Adarsh | |
| dc.contributor.author | Sharma, Pranjal | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-03-05T11:17:09Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-03-05T11:17:09Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021-10-14 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The aim of the study was to recognize the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the brachial plexus, sciatic and femoral nerves and perform the ultrasound-guided blockade of these nerves under monitoring by the electrical nerve stimulator. Sixteen calves/cattle and twenty canine patients presented for the various minor and major surgical procedure were selected for the study. Lignocaine 2% was used as an anesthetic agent and was infiltrated around the nerve of interest with the help of the echogenic needle. The spread of the local anesthetic was visualized in real time with the help of USG guidance. An electrical nerve stimulator was employed for the confirmation of the accurate needle position in relation to the nerve. Ultrasonographically, the brachial plexus of dogs and cattle appeared as a hyperechoic entity containing multiple hypoechoic structures of nerve trunks exiting from the plexus. The brachial plexus was easily identified and the axillary artery and vein served as useful landmarks for its identification. The blockade of the plexus provided analgesia distal to the elbow joint in all the patients. The sciatic nerve block was performed in conjunction with the femoral nerve block. Ultrasonographically, the sciatic and femoral nerve had a central hypoechoic to anechoic lumen surrounded by the hyperechoic connective tissue. Ultrasonographic identification of the femoral nerve was difficult in both cattle and dogs as the nerve does not lend readily to ultrasound visualization, primarily because of depth or connective tissue interference with ultrasound transmission. Ultrasoundguided nerve block anesthesia of the sciatic and femoral nerve helped in performing surgeries distal to the stifle joint, thus circumvent the need for any additional anesthesia.The effective application of ultrasonography reveals two-dimensional anatomy, optimal imaging of the nerves and anatomical structures, accurate real-time needle guidance, and precise local anesthetic delivery ensuring successful nerve block with improved patient safety. Use of a nerve stimulator during ultrasound-guided nerve block yields clinically relevant safety information pertaining to proximity of the nerve, optimal delivery and minimization of volume of local anesthetic to produce the nerve blocks. The inplane technique of needle insertion, hydrolocation and hydrodissection facilitated the identification of d | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810183082 | |
| dc.keywords | Ultrasonographically,hypoechoic,anesthetic ,identification. | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
| dc.pages | 136 | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Palampur | en_US |
| dc.sub | Veterinary Surgery and Radiology | en_US |
| dc.theme | To describe the ultrasonographic appearances of nerves and their access by ultrasound-guided technique and to determine the anatomical basis and assess the clinically useful nerve blocks in animals. | en_US |
| dc.these.type | M.V.Sc. | en_US |
| dc.title | Ultrasound guided nerve block anesthesia in animals | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |