Evaluation of antidiabetic, cardioprotective, reproductive and hepato-renal efficacy of Amaranthus hypochondriacus in diabetic rats

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dc.contributor.advisorSingh, S. P.
dc.contributor.authorMaletha, Deeksha
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-21T11:16:13Z
dc.date.available2024-11-21T11:16:13Z
dc.date.issued2023-09-01
dc.description.abstractThis study was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic, cardioprotective, reproductive and hepato-renal efficacy of Amaranthus hypochondriacus following administration of its hydroethanolic seed and leaf extracts @ 250 mg/kg b wt for 30 days in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The phytochemical analysis of hydroethanolic extracts of Amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds (AHSE) and leaves (AHLE) revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, reducing sugars, glycosides, saponins, tannins, proteins, fixed oil and fats. Upon quantitative phytochemical analysis, AHLE showed the presence of higher phenol and flavonoid content as compared to AHSE. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity assessed in terms of % inhibition of DPPH and ABTS free radical and total antioxidant capacity revealed the presence of higher antioxidant potential in AHLE as compared to AHSE. The yeast α-glucosidase and porcine α-amylase enzyme inhibition assay revealed concentration dependent percentage inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase by AHSE and AHLE, respectively, with AHLE causing greater inhibition than AHSE, suggesting presence of high antidiabetic potential in AHLE. For evaluation of antidiabetic, cardioprotective, reproductive and hepato-renal efficacy of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, 30 male Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 gm b wt were randomly and equally divided into five groups. Group I served as control. Diabetes was induced in group II to V by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (prepared in citrate buffer, pH 4.5) @ 50 mg/kg b wt in rats. After 72 hrs, the rats exhibiting blood glucose levels above 250 mg/dl were considered diabetic and given treatment as per the experimental design for 30 days. Group I served as normal control group. Group II represented diabetic control group, group III rats received glibenclamide @ 1mg/kg b wt, group IV and V received AHSE and AHLE @ 250 mg/kg b wt for 30 days, respectively. A significant (P<0.05) decrease in body weight, Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, and lymphocytes, alongwith the presence of apparent clinical signs such as polydipsia, polyuria were observed in group II rats throughout the experiment. The treatment with AHSE and AHLE significantly prevented the weight loss in group IV and V, respectively with loss of signs and symptoms associated with diabetes in a time dependent manner. The untreated diabetic control group II showed elevated fasting blood glucose, glycosylated Hb and impaired glucose tolerance, which were ameliorated and reduced following administration with AHLE and AHSE, with higher amelioration by AHLE, suggesting their antidiabetic activity. In group II rats, a significant (P<0.05) increase in ALT, AST, ALP and a significant decrease in total protein and albumin, HDL-cholesterol was observed in group II, which were reduced after treatment with AHSE and AHLE. The administration of AHSE and AHLE was found effective in reducing hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress in erythrocytes and tissues, as it reduced lipid peroxidation and raised the level of antioxidant enzymes including reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase, which is suggestive of their antioxidant activity. Streptozotocin administration significantly (P<0.05) affected the reproductive parameters, as it reduced the total sperm count, motility, viability and raised abnormal sperm per cent, which upon treatment with AHSE and AHLE in groups IV and V were significantly improved, with AHLE providing better protective action at par with glibenclamide against reproductive dysfunctioning. The histopathological and electron microscopic examination of tissues revealed the presence of structural disintegration along with severe pathological lesions in tissues of liver, kidney, pancreas, testes and heart, in diabetic control group II which were of mild to moderate degree in AHSE and AHLE treated groups, indicating the ameliorative effect of AHSE and AHLE against streptozotocin induced cellular damage. Thus, it is evident from this study that the streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats produced haemotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, dyslipidemia and reproductive dysfunctioning which were ameliorated following Amaranthus hypochondriacus seed and leaf extracts administration, with leaf extract providing greater ameliorative action than seed extract, indicating antidiabetic, cardioprotective, reproductive and hepato-renal efficacy of Amaranthus hypochondriacus. (S
dc.identifier.citationAcademic Research
dc.identifier.urihttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810216532
dc.keywordsEvaluation of antidiabetic
dc.keywordscardioprotective
dc.keywordsreproductive
dc.language.isoEnglish
dc.pages214 p. p.
dc.publisherG.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145
dc.relation.ispartofseries11083
dc.subVeterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
dc.themeAcademic Research
dc.these.typePh.D
dc.titleEvaluation of antidiabetic, cardioprotective, reproductive and hepato-renal efficacy of Amaranthus hypochondriacus in diabetic rats
dc.typeThesis
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