STUDIES ON EVALUATION AND GENETIC VARIABILITY IN BITTERGOURD (Momordica charantia L.)
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Date
2013
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to assess genetic variability and correlation in 26 genotypes of
bittergourd, collected from various parts of India and Himachal Pradesh, during kharif season in year 2012 at the
experimental farm of Department of Vegetable Science, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry,
Nauni Solan for various horticultural traits. Observations were recorded on vine length (m), number of branches
per plant, number of days to first female flower appearance, node at which first female flower appears, number
of days to first picking, fruit size (cm2), colour of the fruit, number of ridges per fruit, number of marketable
fruits per vine, average fruit weight (g), fruit yield per plant (kg), number of seeds per fruit and total marketable
fruit yield per hectare (q). Analysis of variance showed significant differences among all the genotypes for
various characters under study. Considerable variation was observed for the characters viz. fruit yield per ha,
average fruit weight, node at which first female flower appears, marketable fruits per vine, vine length and fruit
size. Phenotypic coefficient of variability was high for characters like number of branches per plant (36.46 %),
total marketable fruit yield per hectare (36.06%), average fruit weight (31.45%) and fruit size (30.43%) while
genotypic coefficient of variability was high for character number of branches per plant (35.91%). High
heritability coupled with high genetic gain was found for number of branches per plant (97%) and (72.85%),
respectively. Genetic advance as percentage of mean was found to be high for characters like total marketable
fruit yield per hectare (47.82) followed by fruit size (34.12). Genotypic correlation coefficient revealed that total
marketable fruit yield had high and positive association with number of marketable fruits per vine (0.684)
followed by number of seeds per fruit (0.625). Maximum positive direct effect on total marketable fruit yield per
hectare was shown by number of marketable fruit yield per vine (0.560) followed by average fruit weight
(0.528) and number of seeds per fruit (0.299).The genotype NUBG-14-5 gave the highest total marketable fruit
yield (213.64q/ha) followed by CHBG-21-4 (191.81q/ha) and NUBG-10-2 (191.66 q/ha). The highest yielding
genotype NUBG-14-5 also performed best in terms of average fruit weight (135.00 g), whereas, the genotype
JBG-5 was earliest to first female flower appearance (49.67 days) and took minimum days (62.33 days) for first
picking.
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Keywords
fruits, genotypes, yields, developmental stages, planting, markets, genetics, phenotypes, biological phenomena, sowing, bittergourd,genetic variability,genotypes