Studies on organic, inorganic and integrated modes of production under basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based cropping systems in Mollisols
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Date
2018-08
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The field experiment entitled “Studies on organic, inorganic and integrated modes of production under basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based cropping systems in Mollisols” was conducted in a long-term field trial going on since 2004-05 at G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during two consecutive years (2016-17 and 2017-18). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three modes of production (organic, inorganic and integrated) in main plots and four basmati rice-based cropping systems (basmati rice-vegetable pea + coriander, basmati rice-chickpea + coriander, basmati rice-potato and basmati rice-wheat) in sub-plots replicated thrice. During 13th and 14th cycle, organic mode of production was superior over inorganic modes of production in terms of growth, yield attributes and yield of basmati rice, system productivity, economics ( net return and B:C ratio), energetics (net energy and energy use efficiency) and resource use efficiency (production efficiency and land use efficiency) during both the years of experimentation. Organic mode had better soil physical properties (water holding capacity and bulk density), chemical properties (pH, EC, available N, P, K and S and DTPA extractable Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) and biological properties (dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity) along with higher soil organic carbon sequestration and its rate than inorganic mode of production. Legume included cropping systems basmati rice-chickpea + coriander and basmati rice-vegetable pea + coriander improved the growth and yield attributes and yield of basmati rice than basmati rice-wheat cropping system during both the years. Basmati rice-vegetable pea + coriander and basmati rice-chickpea + coriander cropping systems also improved the system productivity in terms of rice equivalent yield with higher profits (net return and B:C ratio) than basmati rice-wheat cropping system during both the years. These legume included cropping systems also involved lower energy consumption and therefore recorded higher energy use efficiency than basmati rice-wheat cropping system during both the years. Further, these cropping systems were superior in terms of production efficiency. Basmati rice-chickpea + coriander and basmati rice-vegetable pea + coriander also improved soil physical properties (water holding capacity and bulk density), chemical properties (pH, available N, P, K and S and DTPA extractable Fe, Mn and Cu) and biological properties (dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity) along with higher soil organic carbon sequestration and its rate than basmati rice-wheat cropping system. Organic mode of production in long run has been found to enhance basmati rice productivity and also the system productivity. Inclusion of legumes in the system viz., chickpea/vegetable pea have shown promise to replace wheat during rabi season.
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