Immunopathological effects of kitazin, an organophosphorous pesticide in broilers
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Date
2009-05
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The present experiment was carried out to assess the acute and sub acute toxic effects of Kitazin, an organophosphorous pesticide in broiler chicken. To assess the acute toxic effects of Kitazin, a total of 48 day old broiler chicks were randomly divided in four groups of 12 birds each. After one week of acclimatization period, a single oral dose of Kitazin was administered @ 300mg, 600mg and 900 mg/ Kg body weight to group 2 (T1), group 3 (T2) and group 4 (T3) respectively. To assess the sub acute toxic effects of Kitazin, a total of 48 day old broiler chicks were randomly divided in four groups of 12 birds each. After one week of acclimatization period, Kitazin was incorporated in the feed @ 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 400 ppm to group 2 (T1), group 3 (T2) and group 4 (T3) respectively for a period of 6 weeks. In both the studies the group 1 birds served as control (C). Blood and serum samples were collected once in a week in acute toxicity study, and once in two weeks interval in sub acute toxicity study to assess the haematological and biochemical parameters respectively. In acute study, the birds were sacrificed at the end of 14th and 21st day of age, to study the pathomorphology of organs. In subacute study, the birds were sacrificed on 49th day of age. Acute toxicity of Kitazin produced typical neurological signs such as ataxia, in coordination, drooping of wings, tremors, convulsions and death. The average body weights of experimental birds measured at once in 14 days interval revealed a significant decrease in Kitazin treated birds in both acute and sub acute toxicity study. Effects of Kitazin on the haematological parameters were significantly decreased haemoglobin, PCV and TEC values in both acute and sub acute toxicity study. A significant decrease in TLC, lymphocyte count, MCV and MCH values were also observed. The results of the biochemical studies had a significant increase in serum glucose, total cholesterol, SGOT and creatinine values in both the studies. A significant increase in SGPT and BUN values were observed in sub acute toxicity study. The levels of total proteins, albumin, globulin and A/G ratio were significantly decreased in both the studies. Results of Lymphocyte Stimulation Test (LST) showed a significant decrease in mean delta OD values of both Con-A and LPS stimulated lymphocyte cultures from treatment groups in comparison to control group.A significant reduction in the organ/body weight ratio was observed for liver, spleen and bursa in both the studies. Grossly, congestion of all organs was noticed. Histopathological examination of liver showed hyperemia, mononuclear cell inifiltration and hepatocytes undergoing various stages of degeneration. Kidney showed glomerular nephritis, nephrosis and haemorrhages. Desquamation of bronchial epithelium, edema, emphysema and congestion were observed in the lungs. Degenerative and necrotic changes were observed in the spleen and bursa. The lesions in the brain were congestion, perivascular cuffing, chromatolysis, neuronophagia and extensive spongiform changes. From the findings of the present study, it may be concluded that, Kitazin has adverse effects on the general health, body weight and immune status of the birds and these effects are dependent on its dose and duration of exposure.
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