PERFORMANCE OF SUNFLOWER INTERCROPPED WITH OIL YIELDING TREES UNDER INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
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Date
2003
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Abstract
The field experiment entitled “Performance of sunflower
intercropped with oil yielding trees under integrated nutrient
management practices” was conducted during kharif, 2002 on sandy loam
soil at Student’s Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to
assess the productivity of sunflower intercropped with neem and melia under
INM practices. The treatments comprised of three cropping systems viz.,
sunflower intercropped with neem (ICN), sunflower intercropped with melia
(ICM) and sole cropping of sunflower (SC) as main plots and six levels of
nitrogen as subplots like control (T1), recommended dose of N 60 kg/ha (T2),
neem GLM @ 5 t/ha + 30 kg N/ha (T3), melia GLM @ 5 t/ha + 30 kg N/ha
(T4), subabul GLM @ 5 t/ha + 30 kg N/ha (T5) and FYM @ 10 t/ha + 30 kg
N/ha (T6). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three
replications in 5 year old neem and 6 year old melia plantation. The test
variety of sunflower was Morden. The experimental site was characterised by
semi-arid climate with low organic carbon, available nitrogen and medium in
available phosphorus and potassium.
The growth parameters of sunflower like leaf area, leaf area index,
drymatter production and CGR were significantly more under sole cropping
when compared with the intercropping systems at all the growth stages.
However, higher drymatter production of 2642 kg/ha was recorded under sole
cropping. All INM practices significantly influenced the growth parameters of
sunflower where in subabul GLM @ 5 t/ha + 30 kg N/ha resulted in 2914
kg/ha drymatter production and leaf area index of 0.67 which were found
greater. Sole cropping with INM practices produced more growth parameters
as compared to intercropping systems. Sole cropping of sunflower with INM
practices resulted in higher LT, PAR and TR values with low values of RH
and DR as compared to intercropping systems.
Yield components of sunflower such as head diameter, head weight,
yield per head and test weight were more under solecropping than
intercropping system. However, sunflower under neem intercropping had
shown better performance as compared to melia intercropping system. All
INM practices significantly affected the yield components. However, subabul
GLM @ 5 t/ha + 30 kg N/ha produced greater head diameter (9.67 cm), head
weight (27.2 g) and test weight (31.36 g) over other practices.
The seed yield of sunflower under sole cropping (560 kg/ha) was
higher over sunflower intercropped with neem (461 kg/ha) and melia (317
kg/ha). All INM practices significantly influenced the seed yield of
sunflower. However, Subabul GLM @ 5 t/ha + 30 kg N/ha produced higher
yield of 566 kg/ha followed by recommended dose of N 60 kg/ha (548 kg/ha),
neem GLM @ 5 t/ha + 30 kg N/ha (509 kg/ha), melia GLM @ 5 t/ha + 30 kg
N/ha (490 kg/ha) and FYM @ 10 t/ha + 30 kg N/ha (457 kg/ha) over control
(107 kg/ha). Higher seed yield of sunflower was obtained under sole cropping
with application of subabul GLM @ 5 t/ha + 30 kg N/ha (710 kg/ha) over all
other INM practices. Stalk yield and harvest index were more in sole cropping
under all INM practices as compared to intercropping systems.
Nitrogen uptake was significantly higher under sole cropping (57.8
kg/ha) as compared to sunflower intercropped with neem (53.6 kg/ha) and
melia (38.2 kg/ha). All INM practices significantly influenced the nitrogen
uptake. However, higher uptake of 63.1 kg/ha was obtained with subabul
GLM @ 5 t/ha + 30 kg N/ha. Among interaction effects, subabul GLM @ 5
t/ha + 30 kg N/ha under sole cropping produced increased uptake of nitrogen
with 72.4 kg/ha over all other INM practices. Similarly, P uptake was more
under sole cropping whereas K uptake under sunflower intercropped with
neem. All INM practices produced significantly higher P and K uptake.
Sole cropping of sunflower and INM practices produced more
agronomic efficiency and apparent ‘N’ recovery. However, sole cropping of
sunflower under INM practices resulted in increased agronomic efficiency
(11.81 kg seed/kg N applied) and apparent ‘N’ recovery (97 %) when subabul
GLM @ 5 t/ha + 30 kg N/ha was applied.
Significantly higher gross returns, net returns and BCR with the values
of Rs. 9632, Rs. 3585/ha and 0.60, respectively were obtained in
intercropping of sunflower with neem over sole cropping and sunflower intercropped with melia. All INM practices recorded significantly maximum
gross returns, net returns and BCR over control. Similarly, sunflower
intercropped with neem under INM practices increased gross, net returns and
BCR.
The results of the study indicated that the productivity of sunflower
can be enhanced with INM practices specially with incorporation of subabul
GLM @ 5 t/ha + 30 kg N/ha under sole cropping as well as under
intercropping with neem.
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Keywords
PERFORMANCE, SUNFLOWER, INTERCROPPED, OIL YIELDING, TREES, UNDER, INTEGRATED, NUTRIENT, MANAGEMENT, PRACTICES
Citation
ACHARYA N.G. AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRA NAGAR, HYDERABAD - 500 03 0