ASSESSMENT OF MATERNAL DERIVED ANTIBODY AND HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PUPS AGAINST CANINE DISTEMPER VACCINES
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Date
2021
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Abstract
Canine distemper (CD) is a highly contagious and fatal viral disease of canines, which was recognized as one of the leading causes of dog mortality next to rabies. CDV most commonly infect the puppies when the maternally derived antibodies are below the threshold level. Immunization is a major weapon in the effective control of many viral diseases of pet animals and it is generally carried out against canine distemper in pups either by using bivalent (DP) or multivalent (DHPPi+L) vaccine, but there is not much data available about the dynamics of antibody level in naive pups and immunized animals in tropical countries like India. Although the vaccination against canine distemper is in regular practice, the incidence of the disease is more commonly noticed which may be due to lack of long-standing population immunity, exposure to high virus bio burden or improper sero-conversion of antigen presented.
The persistence of canine distemper is as a result of insufficient vaccinations in cases where multiple vaccinations are a common practice and/or vaccination failure probably due to faulty vaccine and interference by maternally derived antibody (MDA). The probable cause of vaccination failure could be the maternally derived antibody or passively acquired antibodies at the time of vaccination with other factors being delay in the maturation of immune system or organs, genetic inability to respond to certain vaccine antigens, ineffective vaccination, immune-suppression duo to other disease conditions or physiological stress as well as poor vaccine immunogenicity and improper maintenance of cold chain at the time of transportation of the vaccines.