CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL WILT OF SOLANACEOUS CROP CAUSED BY RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. UNDER BASTAR PLATEAU REGION
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Date
2021
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INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALYA RAIPUR (C.G.)
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Characterization and management of bacterial wilt of solanaceous crop caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. under Bastar plateau region” was conducted at the Plant Pathology laboratory, S.G. College of Agriculture and Research Station (IGKV), Jagdalpur, Bastar, Chhattisgarh during 2016-17 and 2017-18 to ascertain the percent disease incidence with identify the bacterial race and biovar and its management through soil amendments. Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is an important vegetable crop of Chhattisgarh and India is the second largest producer in the world. Among the different major diseases, bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum is one of the most destructive diseases of all solanaceous crops and highly challenging worldwide.
Present survey on bacterial wilt of brinjal indicated that the bacterial wilt is a big challenge in production of brinjal and other solanaceous crop in the Bastar plateau especially in Bastar district with 3 to 60% plant mortality caused by R. solanacearum followed by Kondagaon, Bijapur, Dantewad, Sukma, Narayanpur and Kanker district. In the present study of survey it is also concluded that the favourable soil pH (5.3 to 6.9 pH), soil moisture (16 to 28%) and soil temperature (18 to 25oC) were important factors for the development of soil borne bacterial wilt disease. Bacterial wilt of brinjal was characterized as drooping of lower leaves sometimes turn pale yellow, lose their turgidity followed by drying of the leaves and sudden wilting of plants and brown discoloration of vascular tissues and its causal organism easily isolated from bacterial ooze exudates at the cut end portion of the stem. Culture of R. solanacearum was more viable when preserved in the nutrient broth medium at 4oC temperature. Virulent isolates of R. solanacearum were produced pink or light red colored colonies with characteristic round red centered raised colonies with white fluidal margin in TTZ artificial medium.
Expression of culture characteristics of R. solanacearum was excellent when TTZ medium containing CaSO4 2H2O and yeast extract among different nutrient-enriched TTZ mediums. In the present investigation all isolates of wilt causing pathogens were identified as R. solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al., 1995) on the basis of their morphological and biochemical reactions. On the basis of carbohydrates utilization test, five isolates of R. solanacearum were grouped under biovar III followed by biovar II. On the basis of host range infectivity, R. solanacearum bacteria from Bastar plateau of Chhattisgarh state could be grouped under race 1 followed by race 3 as described in EPPO (2004). The growth of R. solanacearum significantly differed at different temperatures and pH levels indicated that the 30oC temperature and 6 to 7 pH were found optimum for the maximum growth of R. solanacearum under in vitro conditions.
Among sixteen varieties and cultivars of brinjal, only 6 varieties and cultivars i.e. VNR 60 (F1 Hybrid), Pusa Kranti, Hara Gol Improved, Pusa Purple Cluster, Grafted brinjal plant, Mukta Keshi were showed resistant reaction in both Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 against bacterial wilt disease of brinjal caused by R. solanacearum. Among the different doses of silica based plant growth stimulant, application of silica based plant growth stimulant @ 7kg/ha with FYM @ 25t/ha was significantly minimized the population dynamics of R. solanacearum in rhizosphere soil as well as significantly checked the plant mortality caused by bacterial wilt disease of brinjal during Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 and also improved the soil health through neutralized or increased soil pH. In the present investigation on the effect of quick-lime, the population dynamics of R. solanacearum and plant mortality percentage was significantly reduced with an increase of soil pH in the use of quick-lime @ 1 t/ha to 4t/ha and higher dose of quick-lime from 5t/ha to 7 t/ha was also increased the soil pH but toxic effect was observed on plant health.
Thus the present studies revealed in both the season that the bacterial wilt of brinjal caused by R. solanacearum could effectively and ecofriendly managed with integration of resistance cultivar, silica based plant growth stimulant, quick-lime and vermicompost.
Description
CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF
BACTERIAL WILT OF SOLANACEOUS CROP CAUSED
BY RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM (Smith) Yabuuchi et al.
UNDER BASTAR PLATEAU REGION