Eco friendly management of stem rot of berseem caused by Sclerotinia spp
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Date
2022-10-07
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palampur
Abstract
The investigation on the eco-friendly management of stem rot of berseem caused by
Sclerotinia spp. was undertaken in the Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HPKV, Palampur
during 2020-22. The pathogen was isolated from the diseased berseem samples and pathogenicity
of the associated pathogen was proved. On the basis of symptoms, the disease was identified as
stem rot and on the basis of morpho-cultural & molecular identification the pathogen was
identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Temperature was observed as the most important factor in
the disease development having significant negative correlation with disease severity. Twenty
fungal and one bacterial bioagents isolated from berseem rhizosphere along with five established
bioagents from department of Plant Pathology were evaluated for their antagonistic activity
against S. sclerotiorum in dual culture. Bioagent TRN-10 was found the most effective with 75.20
per cent mycelial inhibition, which was followed by TRN-9 (73.00%), TRN-14 (72.20%), TRN 12 (71.90%), TRD-2 (64.07%) and BN-1 (51.90%). These six bioagents were tested for their
effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds in which TRN-10 gave the maximum mycelial
inhibition i.e. 34.44 per cent using volatile metabolites with 56.00 per cent inhibition of sclerotial
germination. However, bioagent TRN-9 provided maximum mycelial inhibition i.e. 50.74 per cent
using non-volatile metabolites with 51.99 per cent inhibition of sclerotial germination. Among the
botanicals, extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (aqueous) and Melia azedarach (alcoholic) gave
maximum mycelial inhibition i.e. 15.93 & 39.26 per cent, respectively at 50 per cent concentration
under in vitro. Panchgavya as an organic input and Brahmastra as a natural product, were found
most effective with 65.50 & 70.70 per cent mycelial inhibition, respectively at 25 per cent
concentration under in vitro conditions. The five most effective bioagents i.e. TRN-9, TRN-10,
TRN-12, TRN-14 and TRD-2 were evaluated for their disease management potential in pot
culture. TRN-10 was found most effective which provided maximum disease control when
applied as soil (58.33%) and seed treatment (60.00%). Bioagent TRN-9 gave maximum increase
in seedling root (34.45%) & shoot length (51.13%) however, TRN-12 provided maximum
increase in green fodder yield (50.00%) under in vivo conditions. Among the botanicals, extract of
Eupatorium adenophorum was found the best with 23.48 per cent disease control in pot culture.
Panchgavya and Brahmastra as organic and natural product provided 48.74 & 45.09 per cent
disease control under in vivo conditions, respectively. The integration of eco-friendly components
in pot culture showed that T7 {Trichoderma spp. (TRN-10) + Eupatorium adenophorum +
panchgavya + ghanjeevamrit} was found most effective for the management of the stem rot
disease with 75.00 per cent disease control after 35 days of inoculation