Insect faunal diversity and management of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in chickpea, Cicer arietinum L.
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Date
2023-01-05
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CCSHAU, Hisar
Abstract
Studies on “Insect faunal diversity and management of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in chickpea, Cicer arietinum L.” were conducted at CCS HAU, Hisar during rabi season, 2021-22. Studies on insect diversity revealed that eleven species of insect (gram pod borer, beet armyworm, semi looper, tobacco caterpillar, bean aphid, lady bird beetle, ground beetle, dragon fly, cricket, preying mantis and honey bee) belonging to seven orders (Lepidoptera, hemiptera, coloeptera, odonata, orthoptera, mantodea and hymenoptera) were recorded in chickpea. Population dynamics of insect pests and natural enemies revealed that population of Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera exigua, Autographa nigrisigna, Aphis craccivora and Coccinella septumpunctata commenced during 50th, 52nd, 52nd, 49th, 50th SMW, respectively and remained upto 19th SMW. Larval population of H. armigera attained peaks in 14th and 16th SMW on HC 1 and HK 1, respectively. S. exigua attained peak in 9th SMW on HC 1, whereas on HK 1 three peaks (12th, 13th and 16th SMW) were recorded. A. nigrisigna attained two peaks between 13th to 16th SMW in both HC 1 and HK 1. A. craccivora reached peak in 52nd (HC 1) and 50th SMW (HK 1), respectively. C. septumpunctata attained two peaks (14th and 15th SMW). Temperature and bright sunshine hours showed significant and positive correlation with population of H. armigera, S. exigua, A. nigrisigna and C. septumpunctata. Wind speed exhibited significant positive effect on population of A. nigrisigna, S. exigua and C. septumpunctata. Relative humidity exhibited significant negative correlation with H. armigera, A. nigrisigna, C. septumpunctata. Screening of chickpea genotypes against H. armigera revealed the minimum larvae of H. armigera on H 16-17 (3.85 larvae/mrl). S. exigua and A. nigrisigna ranged from 0.32 to 0.60 and 0.16 to 0.59 larvae/mrl, respectively. Larval population of H. armigera, S. exigua and A. nigrisigna commenced from 45 days after sowing and remained upto 165, 135 and 135 DAS, respectively. H. armigera attained peaks at 150 DAS, whereas S. exigua and A. nigrisigna attained peak at 120 DAS. Minimum pod damage and maximum yield was recorded in genotype, H 19-36 (25.7%) and H 16-04 (2159.72 kg/ha), respectively. Weather parameters viz. temperature and relative humidity exhibited significant positive and significant negative correlation with H. armigera. Efficacy trial of insecticides against H. armigera revealed minimum number of larvae in Novaluron 10EC sprayed plots and was less toxic to C. septumpunctata. However, Flubendiamide proved significantly superior in terms of minimum pod damage (21.71%), maximum reduction over control (41.18%) and maximum yield (3409.26 kg/ha).